b1- cell structure and transport

Question 1

how much can light microscopes magnify?

Answer 1

up to x2000

Question 2

what is light microscopes resolving power?

Answer 2

200 nm

Question 3

how much can electron microscopes magnify?

Answer 3

x 2 000 000

Question 4

what are electron microscopes resolving power?

Answer 4

0.2 nm

Question 5

magnification=

Answer 5

size of image / size of real object

Question 6

what features do animal cells contain?

Answer 6

a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 7

what are features that plant cells contain but animal cells do not?

Answer 7

a cellulose cell wall
chloroplasts
vacuole

Question 8

what is an example of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

animal and plant cells

Question 9

what is an example of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 9

bacteria

Question 10

do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what do eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 11

cell membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material in a nucleus

Question 12

what do prokaryotic cells contain?

Answer 12

cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
dna loop
may contain plasmids

Question 13

what are plasmids?

Answer 13

extra, small rings of dna

Question 14

what are examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 14

nerve cells
muscle cells
sperm cells

Question 15

what are examples of specialise plant cells?

Answer 15

root hair cells
photosynthetic cells
xylem cells
phloem cells

Question 16

what is diffusion?

Answer 16

the spreading out of particles of any substance in solution or a gas. moving from high concentration to low concentration

Question 17

what effects rate of diffusion?

Answer 17

concentration
temperature
surface area

Question 18

what is osmosis?

Answer 18

a special case of diffusion, the movement of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane that allows
water to pass through

Question 19

how can animal cells be damaged in osmosis?

Answer 19

if concentration outside the shell changes dramatically

Question 20

what does osmosis in plant cells help maintain?

Answer 20

turgor

Question 21

what is active transport?

Answer 21

it moves substances from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

Question 22

how does active transport get the energy needed for the movement?

Answer 22

it uses energy released from food in respiration

Question 23

why do single celled organisms have a relatively large surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 23

so all necessary exchanges with the environment take place over this surface

Question 24

what do exchange surfaces have?

Answer 24

large surface area and thin walls

Question 25

how are the cells in the small intestine adapted for active transport?

Answer 25

many mitochondria to release energy for active transport

Question 26

what is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 26

the site of respiration where energy is released

Question 27

what is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 27

contains sap and enzymes also stores excess water