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Biology AQA GCSE > B1- Cell Biology > Flashcards

B1- Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of cell is a plant and animal cell

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What is the role of the nucleus

A

Contains genetic material

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3
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm

A

Where most chemical reactions take place

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4
Q

What is the role of the cells membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the the cell

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5
Q

What is the role of mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is the role of ribosome

A

Protein synthesis

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7
Q

What is the role of the cell wall and what is it made out of

A

Supports and strengthens cell made of cellulose

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8
Q

What is the role of the vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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9
Q

What’s is the role of a chloroplast

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

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10
Q

What does a bacterium contain

A

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, plasmids

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11
Q

What is the role of plasmids

A

Small ring of DNA

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12
Q

Why don’t bacterium contain chloroplast or mitochondria

A

They are too big to fit inside

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13
Q

What are the two types of microscope

A

Electron and light

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14
Q

What is the magnification equation

A

Magnification=image size/real size

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15
Q

Evaluate the use of light microscopes against electron microscopes

A

Electron microscopes have a higher magnifications and resolution but they are more expensive and hard to transport also u have to be trained to use one unlike light microscope

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16
Q

How do u prepare a slide

A
  1. add a drop of water
  2. Add specimen stained with iodine
  3. Place a cover slip on top
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17
Q

Why do u stain it

A

To highlight objects that are colourless

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18
Q

What should a diagram of ur observation look like

A
  1. Takes up at least half the space
  2. Drawn with clear unbroken lines
  3. Magnification
  4. Title
  5. Labelled
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19
Q

Why do cells differentiate

A

To become specialised

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20
Q

What is an undifferentiated cell called

A

Stem cell

21
Q

How is a sperm specialised

A

Long tail
Streamlined head
Lot of mitochondria
Enzymes in its head to digest through eggs cell membrane

22
Q

How is a nerve cell specialised

A

Long axon
Have branched connections
Form a network throughout the body

23
Q

How is a muscle specialised

A

Long

Lots of mitochondria

24
Q

How is a root hair specialised

A

Large surface area

25
Q

What do chromosomes contain

A

Genetic information

26
Q

What are chromosome

A

Coiled up lengths of DNA

27
Q

What is mitosis

A

Cell division for growth and repair

28
Q

What r they steps of mitosis

A
  1. Duplicates it’s DNA
  2. Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
  3. Membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes
  4. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
29
Q

What is produced from mitosis

A

Two identical daughter cells

30
Q

What’s binary fission

A

Prokaryotic cells replicating

31
Q

What r the steps of binary fission

A
  1. DNA and plasmids replicate
  2. DNA strands move to opposite ends of the cell
  3. Cytoplasm divides and new Cell walls form
  4. Two daughter cells produced
32
Q

What are the correct conditions for bacteria to divide

A

Warm

Lots of nutrients

33
Q

How do u make an agar plate

A
  1. Pour hot agar jelly in a Petri dish
  2. Transfer microorganisms but using a inoculating loop
  3. Then seal
34
Q

Why are bacteria not kept above 25 degrees in schools

A

So no harmful pathogens can be grown

35
Q

How do u prevent contamination

A

Pass inoculating loop through flame
Lightly tape lid on Petri dish
Store upside down so no condensation falls on lid

36
Q

Where r stem cells found

A

Human embryos and bone marrow

37
Q

What is good about embryonic stem cells

A

They ca turn into any type of cell

38
Q

What is bad about adult stem cells

A

Can only turn into specific cells

39
Q

What r the risks of stem cell growth

A

Could get contaminated with a virus which could be passed on to the patient

40
Q

What is therapeutic cloning

A

Where an embryo could be made to have the same genetic material as the Patient so stem cells produced from it wouldnt be rejected

41
Q

Why r some people against it

A

Could be killing potential life

42
Q

Where r stem called found in plants

A

Meristems

43
Q

What can plant stem cells be used for

A

Producing clones of plants

44
Q

What is diffusion

A

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration passively down the concentration gradient

45
Q

The bigger the concentration gradient _______

A

The faster the rate of diffusion

46
Q

A higher temp will give a ____ diffusion rate as particles have more _____ so move faster

A

Faster

Energy

47
Q

_______ molecules pass through membranes

A

Small

48
Q

What’s osmosis

A

Net movement of molecules from a high concentration to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane in water

Biology AQA GCSE (2 decks)

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