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BIOLOGY AQA GCSE > B1- CELL BIOLOGY > Flashcards

B1- CELL BIOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the cell. Contains DNA as chromosomes usually in pairs.

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Chemical reactions occur here.

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Guardian of the cell- controls what enters and leaves.

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4
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis (making enzymes, hormones, etc)

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Respiration (energy release from glucose)

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6
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis (Glucose made from light)

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7
Q

Permanent Vacuole

A

Stores fluid and keeps the cell turgid.

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8
Q

Cell membrane

A

Strengthens cell, made of cellulose

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9
Q

What are only found in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts, Vacuole and cell wall

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10
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

A plant or animal cell that has a cell membrane, cytoplasm and its genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

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11
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell in which the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus. Its DNA is found as a loop in the cell and there may be one or more plasmids.

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12
Q

What is a plasmid

A

A small ring of DNA

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13
Q

What type of cell is a bacterial cell

A

Prokaryotic cell

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14
Q

How does the size of a prokaryotic cell compare to a eukaryotic cell

A

much smaller

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15
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

controls the cell

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16
Q

What are the common parts of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes.

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17
Q

What are the common parts of the plant cell

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole.

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18
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

Carry father’s genetic information and fertilise the egg.

19
Q

How is a sperm cell adapted

A

Streamlined shape, nucleus contains 1 set of chromosomes, lots of mitochondria for respiration, contains digestive enzymes.

20
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

Transmit electrical impulses around the body.

21
Q

How is a nerve cell adapted

A

Long, and lots of dendrites to make connections with lots of other cells

22
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell

A

Contract and relax to bring about movement

23
Q

How is a muscle adapted

A

lots of mitochondria for respiration

24
Q

What is the function of the root hair cells

A

Absorb mineral ions and water from soil

25
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted

A

Large surface area and lots of mitochondria for respiration.

26
Q

What is the function of the xylem

A

Transport water around the plant

27
Q

How are the xylem adapted for their function

A

Few cell structures and so they are dead for more space and supported by lignin.

28
Q

What are the function of phloem cells

A

Transport sugars around the plant

29
Q

How are phloem cells adapted for their function

A

Few cell structures and supported by companion cells.

30
Q

What have been the benefits of electron microscopes

A

Can be used to examine a cell in much finer detail and has led to a better understanding of sub cellular structures.

31
Q

What are the advantages of electron microscopes

A

Higher magnification and higher resolution

32
Q

What is the formula for magnification

A

Magnification = size of image / size of real object.

33
Q

How is the cell wall strengthened

A

Cellulose

34
Q

Function of the chloroplasts

A

Site for photosynthesis

35
Q

Diffusion

A
  • The spreading out of particles from an area of high to low concentration. Substances that move this way are oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea.
36
Q

What affects diffusion

A

High concentrations, high temperature and a large surface area make this process faster. Small organisms tend to have large surface area to volume ratios.

37
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves from dilute (lots of water) through a semi-permeable membrane

38
Q

Active Transport

A

Uses energy to move from low to high concentration. Used for sugar and minerals

39
Q

Define magnification

A

How many times bigger an object is

40
Q

Define resolution

A

Ability to see two points clearly

41
Q

PHLOEM

A

Conveyor belts of cells that transport sugars, foods, and sap up and down the plant, bidirectional

42
Q

XYLEM

A

Long, continuous tubes that water rises up, unidirectional

43
Q

MAKING CULTURES WITH ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

A

BIOLOGY AQA GCSE (2 decks)

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