B1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What are cells?
Building blocks of all living organisms
What are the two types of cells and give examples.
- Eukaryotes (animal and plant cells)
- Prokaryotes (bacterial cells)
What are some differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller than the eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells do not have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus like eukaryotic cells.
What are some features of a eukaryotic cell?
-Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What are some features of a prokaryotic cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
What organelles do both animal and plant cells contain?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains the genetic material and controls the cell.
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur and contains enzymes.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Controls what enters and exits a cell.
What is the function of mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration, providing energy for the cell.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs.
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
- Permanent vacuole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
What is the function of a permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap and improves the cell’s rigidity.
What is the function of a cell wall?
Made from cellulose and provides strength to the cell.
What is the function of a chloroplast?
- Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant.
- Contains chlorophyll (makes the cell green) which harvests the light needed for photosynthesis.