B1-Cell Biology Flashcards
Are eukaryotic cells complex or simple and are they plant/animal or bacteria cells?
Complex
Plant and animal
Are prokaryotic cells complex or simple and are they plant/animal or bacteria cells?
Smaller and simpler
Bacteria cells mostly (any single-celled organism)
Eukaryotes are organisms made up of…
eukaryotic cells
Prokaryote is an organism made up of…
a prokaryotic cell (it’s a single-celled organism)
What subcellular structures do most animal cells have?
-Nucleus
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
What is the function of a nucleus?
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
What is the function of cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
What is the function of mitochondria?
These are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration occur.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where proteins are synthesised in the cell.
What extra subcellular structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?
1)Rigid cell wall- made of cellulose.
2)Permanent vacuole-contains cell sap
3)Chloroplasts-contain chlorophyll
What is the function of rigid cell wall?
It supports the cell and strengthens it.
What is the function of permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap- a weak solution of sugar and salts- to keep the cell turgid swollen and hard.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant (glucose). They contain a green substance called chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
What subcellular structures does a bacteria (prokaryote) cell have?
-Cell membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Cell wall
-Ribosomes
-Single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
-May also contain one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.
What subcellular structures doesn’t a bacteria (prokaryote) cell have?
-Mitochondria or chloroplasts
-Nucleus
-Vacuole
How do LIGHT microscopes form an image and magnify it?
Through light and lenses.
How do ELECTRON microscopes form an image?
They use electrons.
What is the difference between a LIGHT microscope and an ELECTRON microscope?
-Electron microscope has a greater magnification and a higher resolution (subcellular structures can be distinguished more easily- gives a sharper image).
-This means electron microscopes allow us to see much smaller things in more detail.
-Specimen has to be dead when being viewed under electron, specimen can be alive when being viewed under light.
What is the formula for magnification?
magnification= image size/real size
Image size and real size should have same units, if not then convert before putting into equation
For preparing cells to be viewed under a microscope, you need to use:
-Tweezers
-Iodine SOLUTION (stain)
-Cover slip
-Slide
The different parts of a microscope include:
-Eyepiece lens
-Coarse adjust knob (moves stage)
-Fine adjustment knob (adjust focus of lens)
-High and low power objective lenses
-Stage
-Light OR possibly a mirror with which a light is shone on it
Define differentiation
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job (e.g. red blood cell, white blood cell)
Cells that differentiate in mature animals are mainly used for…
repairing and replacing cells, such as skin or blood cells