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Biology > B1 + B2 > Flashcards

B1 + B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnification

A

Making small objects seem larger

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2
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish two objects from each other

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Where the DNA is contained

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The gooey substance that fills in the cell and keeps the organelles in place

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

The membrane of the cell which separates whats in the cell from the outside. If lets certain things in like minerals or oxygen.

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelles where respiration occurs

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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8
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides strength and support to plant cells

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains a store of food

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Traps sunlight energy for photosynthesis

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11
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

All animal and plant cells

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

All bacteria cells

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13
Q

Plasmid

A

One circular strand of DNA found in bacteria cells

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14
Q

Nerve cell adaptations

A

Body is longer to reach different parts of the cell, covered in fat to insulate the cell and speed up impulse

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15
Q

Muscle cell adaptions

A

Contains well developed mitochondria to provide energy for the muscle contractions

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16
Q

Sperm cell adaptations

A

Has a tail to swim, layer over the nucleus contains enzymes to penetrate the egg

17
Q

Root hair cell adaptations

A

Large surface area, thin walls

18
Q

Diffusion

A

The net random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

19
Q

Dilute

A

Make a solution weaker or thinner by adding a solvent to it

20
Q

Concentrated

A

Having a solution closest to it’s purest form without any form of solvent

21
Q

Osmosis

A

The net random movement of water from a place with lots of water to a place with less water across a partially permeable membrane

22
Q

Crenated

A

A state a cell becomes after osmosis when they are in a hypertonic solution

23
Q

SA to V ratio

A

Surface area to volume ratio

24
Q

Interphase

A

The first stage of cell division:

  • Cell grows in size
  • DNA and the organelles are replicated
25
Q

Mitosis

A

Second stage of the cell cycle:

  • Chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell
  • They attach to the spindle fibres
  • Get pulled to the opposite ends of the cell
  • And the Nucleus divides in two
26
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The third stage of the cell cycle:

  • The cytoplasm and cell membrane replicate
  • Two new genetically identical daughter cells are formed
27
Q

Stem cell

A

A cell from which any other cell can be made

28
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Contraction of a plant cell due to lack of water

29
Q

Turgid

A

A plant cell that has swollen up due to too much water being in the cell

30
Q

Turgor pressure

A

The force within a cell that pushes the membrane up against the cell wall

31
Q

Active transport

A

The process in which molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a partially permeable membrane. The body gives ATP energy and carrier proteins in the cell membrane to make it work

32
Q

Embryonic stem cell

A

A stem cell that can form any cell in the body and comes from an embryo

33
Q

Adult stem cell

A

A stem cell from an adult person that can only become the type of cell from where it came from

34
Q

Therapeutic Cloning

A

The process of creating stem cells with the same genes as the patient:

  • take nucleus out of human egg cell
  • put the nucleus of the patient’s cell in the egg cell
  • stimulate the egg cell so it divides into an embryo
  • take stem cells from the embryo after 4-5 days
  • stem cells grown in a container of warm nutrients
  • stem cells treated to develop type of cell suited for the patient
35
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

High solute concentration

36
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Higher water concentration than another solution

37
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Both solutions have an equal concentration of solutes

Biology (3 decks)

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