B1 and B2 Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Carry oxygen
B) Fight infection
C) Clot blood
D) Carry nutrients
A) Carry oxygen
Red blood cells (RBCs) are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain haemoglobin, which binds to the oxygen.
Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidneys
D) Heart
B) Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that help regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
A) Digestion of food
B) Transport of oxygen and nutrients
C) Regulation of hormones
D) Protection from pathogens
B) Transport of oxygen and nutrients
The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
What part of the brain controls heart rate and breathing?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls basic life functions, including heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.
The heart’s right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from which part of the body?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
D) Pulmonary arteries
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
The right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
Which of the following is an example of a non-communicable disease?
A) Chickenpox
B) Asthma
C) Influenza
D) Hepatitis B
B) Asthma
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are those that cannot be spread from person to person. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition, while disease like chickenpox or influenza are communicable.
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Plasma
A) Platelets
Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a key role in the clotting process by sticking together and forming clots at the site of injury.
What is the role of white blood cells in the body?
A) Carry oxygen
B) Fight infections
C) Carry nutrients
D) Maintain blood pressure
B) Fight infections
White blood cells (leukocytes) are part of the immune system and protect the body by identifying and attacking foreign pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
What part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Pancreas
C) Small intestine
The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients. It contain villi that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
The process of respiration involves the exchange of gasses. Where does the gas exchange occur?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Trachea
D) Diaphragm
A) Alveoli
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen from the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Tuberculosis
C) Asthma
D) Heart disease
B) Tuberculosis
Communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, are contagious and can be transmitted from person to person, unlike non-communicable diseases such as Parkinson’s.
The function of the kidneys is to:
A) Regulate blood pressure
B) Filter waste products from the blood
C) Digest proteins
D) Store bile
B) Filter waste products from the blood
The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products, regulate fluid balance, and control electrolyte levels, contributing to overall homeostasis.
What does the term “homeostasis” refer to?
A) The ability to digest food
B) Maintaining a stable internal environment
C) The regulation of blood pressure
D) The body’s immune response
B) Maintaining a stable internal environment
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment, such as regulating body temperature, pH, and glucose levels, despite external changes.
Which of the following is a part of the lymphatic system?
A) Heart
B) Lymph nodes
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
B) Lymph nodes
The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, which are involved in filtering lymph fluid and supporting the immune system.
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vein
B) Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
Which of the following organs is responsible for producing bile?
A) Stomach
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Gallbladder
C) Liver
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller molecules is called:
A) Respiration
B) Digestion
C) Circulation
D) Excretion
B) Digestion
Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules (nutrients) that can be absorbed and used by the body.
The body’s defence mechanism against pathogens includes:
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma proteins
B) White blood cells
White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
The immune system produces which of the following to fight infections?
A) Antibodies
B) Hormones
C) Insulin
D) Enzymes
A) Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells of the immune system that recognise and neutralise foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.
What is the primary role of the skeletal system?
A) Regulate body temperature
B) Protect vital organs
C) Produce red blood cells
D) Absorb nutrients
B) Protect vital organs
The skeletal system provides structure, supports the body, and protects vital organs (e.g. the brain, heart, and lungs) from injury.
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes is known as:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Immunity
D) Hormonal regulation
B) Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains internal stability (e.g. temperature, pH, and hydration) despite external changes.
Which of the following hormones helps regulate blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenaline
C) Thyroxine
D) Oestrogen
A) Insulin
Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps lower
Which of the following is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A) Regular exercise
B) High blood pressure
C) Low cholesterol levels
D) High fibre diet
B) High blood pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as it can damage blood vessels and the heart.
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Lymph vessels
A) Arteries
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body (except the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs).
What is the purpose of vaccination?
A) To treat diseases
B) To prevent future infections
C) To increase white blood cell count
D) To enhance digestion
B) To prevent future infections
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognise and fight off specific pathogens, thereby providing immunity against future infections.
The process of phagocytosis involves the engulfing of pathogens by:
A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) T lymphocytes
C) White blood cells
Phagocytosis is the process by which white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens such as bacteria, to protect the body from infection.
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of air during respiration?
A) Trachea → bronchi → alveoli
B) Alveoli → bronchi → trachea
C) Bronchi → trachea → alveoli
D) Lungs → bronchi → trachea
A) Trachea → bronchi → alveoli
Air travels through the trachea, then the bronchi, and finally reaches the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
What part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions such as heartbeat and breathing?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure.
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Storage of bile
C) Breaking down food into simple molecules
D) Filtering toxins from the blood
D) Filtering toxins from the blood
The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste, but the filtering of toxins is primarily done by the liver and kidneys.
The human body has how many chambers in the heart?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) Three
B) Four
The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).
What is the primary purpose of the large intestine in the digestive system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Absorb water
C) Break down proteins
D) Produce bile
B) Absorb water
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacteria infection?
A) Influenza
B) Tuberculosis
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Hepatitis B
B) Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Oestrogen
D) Thyroxine
A) Cortisol
Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, helps the body respond to stress by increasing glucose availability and regulating metabolism.
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
A) Exchange of gases
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Transport of oxygen to tissues
D) Digestion of food
D) Digestion of food
Which of the following is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
A) High blood pressure
B) Obesity
C) Smoking
D) High cholesterol
B) Obesity
What is the most common cause of hypertension?
A) Dehydration
B) Lack of sleep
C) High salt intake
D) Regular exercise
C) High salt intake
What is the body’s immediate response to an injury?
A) White blood cell production
B) Increase in blood pressure
C) Inflammation and clotting
D) Release of insulin
C) Inflammation and clotting
What is the main function of the nervous system?
A) Produce hormones
B) Coordinate and control body activities
C) Transport oxygen and nutrients
D) Digest food
B) Coordinate and control body activities
Which type of immunity results from exposure to a pathogen or vaccination?
A) Innate immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Active immunity
D) Acquired immunity
C) Active immunity
What is the function of the myelin sheath around neurons?
A) Protect the neuron
B) Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
C) Provide nutrients to the neuron
D) Prevent nerve cells from being damaged
B) Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?
A) Secrete bile
B) Produce insulin and digestive enzymes
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Break down carbohydrates
B) Produce insulin and digestive enzymes
Which part of the brain controls voluntary muscle movements?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
A) Cerebellum
Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?
A) Movement of water from a region of high concentration to low concentration
B) Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
C) Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
D) Movement of molecules through a permeable membrane
C) Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
The majority of oxygen in the blood is carried by:
A) White blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Haemoglobin in red blood cells
D) Plasms proteins
C) Haemoglobin in red blood cells
The process of converting glucose into energy within cells is called:
A) Glycolysis
B) Respiration
C) Digestion
D) Phagocytosis
B) Respiration
Which type of blood vessel is responsible for exchanging gases ad nutrients with tissues?
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Lymph vessels
C) Capillaries
Which of the following is a consequence of untreated diabetes?
A) Low blood pressure
B) Impaired wound healing
C) Reduced blood sugar levels
D) Increased bone density
B) Impaired wound healing
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?
A) The body produces little or no insulin
B) The body cannot respond to insulin properly
C) it is caused by a viral infection
D) It is mainly diagnosed in childhood
B) The body cannot respond to insulin properly
What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
A) Produce digestive enzymes
B) Store and release bile
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Neutralise stomach acid
B) Store and release bile
Which of the following is the result of blood clots in the arteries of the heart?
A) Stroke
B) Asthma
C) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
D) Diabetes
C) Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with increased cholesterol levels?
A) Asthma
B) Hypertension
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Anaemia
C) Atherosclerosis
What is the main role of
T lymphocytes in the immune system?
A) Produce antibodies
B) Engulf pathogens
C) Destroy infected cells
D) Recognise pathogens
C) Destroy infected cells
Which type of immunity is gained through vaccination?
A) Passive immunity
B) Active immunity
C) Innate immunity
D) Natural immunity
B) Active immunity
What is the primary role of the excretory system?
A) To break down food
B) To regulate the body’s temperature
C) To remove waste products and excess substances
D) To produce red blood cells
C) To remove waste products and excess substances
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
A) Produce insulin
B) Regulate metabolism by secreting thyroid hormones
C) Control the body’s immune system
D) Produce digestive enzymes
B) Regulate metabolism by secreting thyroid hormones
Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier to infection?
A) White blood cells
B) Skin
C) Antibodies
D) T cells
B) Skin
Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack?
A) Chest pain
B) Shortness of breath
C) Sudden dizziness
D) High fever
D) High fever
Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in the body?
A) Help carry oxygen
B) Produce antibodies
C) Aid in blood clotting
D) Regulate blood pressure
C) Aid in blood clotting
What is the effect of high levels of cortisol in the body?
A) Increased metabolism
B) Decreased blood sugar
C) Increased stress response
D) Reduced immune system
C) Increased stress response
Which of the following diseases is caused by a viral infection?
A) Tuberculosis
B) HIV/AIDS
C) Asthma
D) Heart disease
B) HIV/AIDS
What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?
A) Destroy infected cells
B) Engage in phagocytosis
C) Neutralise and mark pathogens for destruction
D) Produce white blood cells
C) Neutralise and mark pathogens for destruction
The process of blood clotting is also known as:
A) Haemostasis
B) Osmosis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Respiration
A) Haemostasis
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
A) Transport oxygen to tissues
B) Digest food
C) Coordinate and control body activities
D) Filter waste products
C) Coordinate and control body activities
What part of the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and behaviours?
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Limbic system
D) Medulla oblongata
C) Limbic system
Which of the following diseases is related to the degeneration of lung tissue?
A) Asthma
B) Pneumonia
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D) Tuberculosis
C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which of the following is a function of the adrenal glands?
A) Produce insulin
B) Regulate metabolism
C) Produce hormones like adrenaline
D) Filter toxins from the blood
C) Produce hormones like adrenaline
What is the main cause of liver cirrhosis?
A) Viral infection
B) Alcohol abuse
C) Obesity
D) Smoking
B) Alcohol abuse
Which of the following is not part of the digestive system?
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Kidneys
D) Small intestine
C) Kidneys
What is the term for the narrowing and the hardening of the arteries due to plaque build up?
A) Arrhythmia
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Hypertension
D) Angina
B) Atherosclerosis
Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration?
A) Increased urination
B) Dry skin and mouth
C) Low blood pressure
D) Increased thirst
B) Dry skin and mouth
What is the function of the respiratory system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Transport oxygen to tissues
C) Excrete waste products
D) Exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
D) Exchange gases (oxygen and carbon)
Which of the following is caused by a protozoan parasite?
A) Malaria
B) Tuberculosis
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Hepatitis
A) Malaria
What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?
A) Red blood cell
B) White blood cell
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
B) White blood cell
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
A) Transport oxygen to tissues
B) Remove waste products from the body
C) Transport immune cells and defend against infections
D) Regulate metabolism
C) Transport immune cells and defend against infections
What is the main effect of antihistamines?
A) Reduce inflammation
B) increase blood pressure
C) Block the effects of histamine in allergic reactions
D) Dilate blood vessels
C) Block the effects of histamine in allergic reactions
What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive process?
A) Break down food chemically
B) Absorb water and electrolytes
C) Secrete digestive enzymes
D) Absorb nutrients
B) Absorb water and electrolytes
Which of the following is not a common symptom of a stroke?
A) Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg
B) Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
C) Chest pain
D) Sudden confusion or trouble walking
C) Chest pain
Which of the following is a method to transmission for HIV?
A) Airborne transmission
B) Ingestion of contaminated food
C) Direct contact with bodily fluids
D) Insect bites
C) Direct contact with bodily fluids
What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?
A) Regulate blood sugar levels
B) Control growth and release of hormones
C) Control the immune response
D) Regulate body temperature
B) Control growth and release of hormones
What is the effect of insulin on blood sugar levels?
A) Increase blood sugar
B) Decrease blood sugar
C) No effect on blood sugar
D) Regulate metabolism
B) Decrease blood sugar
Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease?
A) Cold
B) Asthma
C) Chickenpox
D) Influenza
B) Asthma
Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A) Low blood pressure
B) Physical activity
C) High cholesterol
D) Low sodium intake
C) High cholesterol
What is the role of the rib cage?
A) Protect internal organs
B) Control respiration
C) Store fat
D) Produce red blood cells
A) Protect internal organs
The “fight or flight” response is controlled by which part of the nervous system?
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Peripheral nervous system
A) Autonomic nervous system
What is the main function of the digestive system?
A) Break down food to absorb nutrients
B) Circulate blood
C) Filter toxins from the blood
D) Maintain body temperature
A) Break down food to absorb nutrients
Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the body?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin D
What is the name of the condition caused by the inflammation of the joints?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Arthritis
C) Scoliosis
D) Rheumatism
B) Arthritis
Which organ produces red blood cells?
A) Liver
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) Kidneys
B) Bone marrow
What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Absorb water
C) Produce bile
D) Store food
A) Absorb nutrients
What is the effect of smoking on the respiratory system?
A) Improves lung function
B) Increases oxygen supply
C) Damages the cilia and leads to respiratory diseases
D) Enhances the immune response
C) Damages the cilia and leads to respiratory diseases
What is the primary risk factor for lung cancer?
A) Poor diet
B) Lack of exercise
C) Smoking
D) High cholesterol
C) Smoking
Which of the following is an autoimmune response?
A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Asthma
C) Malaria
D) Influenza
A) Type 1 diabetes
What is the function of haemoglobin?
A) Transport oxygen in the blood
B) Clot blood
C) Fight infections
D) Regulate body temperature
A) Transport oxygen in the blood
What is the effect of dehydration on the body?
A) Increased energy levels
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Increased urine production
D) Decreased blood pressure
D) Decreased blood pressure
Which type of virus causes the common cold?
A) Influenza virus
B) Rhinovirus
C) Hepatitis virus
D) HIV
B) Rhinovirus
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?
A) Insulin resistance
B) Body does not produce insulin
C) Can be managed with diet alone
D) Occurs mainly in adulthood
B) Body does not produce insulin
What is the role of hypothalamus?
A) Regulate body temperature and hunger
B) Control speech and memory
C) Coordinate muscle movements
D) Control visual processing
A) Regulate body temperature and hunger
What is the result of prolonged exposure to high blood pressure?
A) Increased energy
B) Heart disease
C) Improved blood circulation
D) Decreased risk of stroke
B) Heart disease
What is the effect of high levels of sodium in the diet?
A) Increased risk of kidney stones
B) Lowered blood pressure
C) Increased risk of hypertension
D) Improved circulation
C) Increased risk of hypertension
