B1 and B2 Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Carry oxygen
B) Fight infection
C) Clot blood
D) Carry nutrients
A) Carry oxygen
Red blood cells (RBCs) are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. They contain haemoglobin, which binds to the oxygen.
Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas
C) Kidneys
D) Heart
B) Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that help regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
A) Digestion of food
B) Transport of oxygen and nutrients
C) Regulation of hormones
D) Protection from pathogens
B) Transport of oxygen and nutrients
The circulatory system, consisting of the heart, blood, and blood vessels, transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
What part of the brain controls heart rate and breathing?
A) Cerebrum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls basic life functions, including heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.
The heart’s right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from which part of the body?
A) Aorta
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
D) Pulmonary arteries
C) Superior and inferior vena cava
The right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
Which of the following is an example of a non-communicable disease?
A) Chickenpox
B) Asthma
C) Influenza
D) Hepatitis B
B) Asthma
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are those that cannot be spread from person to person. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition, while disease like chickenpox or influenza are communicable.
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) Plasma
A) Platelets
Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a key role in the clotting process by sticking together and forming clots at the site of injury.
What is the role of white blood cells in the body?
A) Carry oxygen
B) Fight infections
C) Carry nutrients
D) Maintain blood pressure
B) Fight infections
White blood cells (leukocytes) are part of the immune system and protect the body by identifying and attacking foreign pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
What part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Pancreas
C) Small intestine
The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients. It contain villi that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
The process of respiration involves the exchange of gasses. Where does the gas exchange occur?
A) Alveoli
B) Bronchi
C) Trachea
D) Diaphragm
A) Alveoli
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen from the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Tuberculosis
C) Asthma
D) Heart disease
B) Tuberculosis
Communicable diseases, such as tuberculosis, are contagious and can be transmitted from person to person, unlike non-communicable diseases such as Parkinson’s.
The function of the kidneys is to:
A) Regulate blood pressure
B) Filter waste products from the blood
C) Digest proteins
D) Store bile
B) Filter waste products from the blood
The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products, regulate fluid balance, and control electrolyte levels, contributing to overall homeostasis.
What does the term “homeostasis” refer to?
A) The ability to digest food
B) Maintaining a stable internal environment
C) The regulation of blood pressure
D) The body’s immune response
B) Maintaining a stable internal environment
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment, such as regulating body temperature, pH, and glucose levels, despite external changes.
Which of the following is a part of the lymphatic system?
A) Heart
B) Lymph nodes
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
B) Lymph nodes
The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, which are involved in filtering lymph fluid and supporting the immune system.
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Pulmonary vein
D) Vein
B) Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
Which of the following organs is responsible for producing bile?
A) Stomach
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Gallbladder
C) Liver
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
The process by which the body breaks down food into smaller molecules is called:
A) Respiration
B) Digestion
C) Circulation
D) Excretion
B) Digestion
Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules (nutrients) that can be absorbed and used by the body.
The body’s defence mechanism against pathogens includes:
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma proteins
B) White blood cells
White blood cells play a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
The immune system produces which of the following to fight infections?
A) Antibodies
B) Hormones
C) Insulin
D) Enzymes
A) Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells of the immune system that recognise and neutralise foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses.
What is the primary role of the skeletal system?
A) Regulate body temperature
B) Protect vital organs
C) Produce red blood cells
D) Absorb nutrients
B) Protect vital organs
The skeletal system provides structure, supports the body, and protects vital organs (e.g. the brain, heart, and lungs) from injury.
The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes is known as:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Immunity
D) Hormonal regulation
B) Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains internal stability (e.g. temperature, pH, and hydration) despite external changes.
Which of the following hormones helps regulate blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin
B) Adrenaline
C) Thyroxine
D) Oestrogen
A) Insulin
Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps lower
Which of the following is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A) Regular exercise
B) High blood pressure
C) Low cholesterol levels
D) High fibre diet
B) High blood pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as it can damage blood vessels and the heart.
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Lymph vessels
A) Arteries
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body (except the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs).
What is the purpose of vaccination?
A) To treat diseases
B) To prevent future infections
C) To increase white blood cell count
D) To enhance digestion
B) To prevent future infections
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognise and fight off specific pathogens, thereby providing immunity against future infections.
The process of phagocytosis involves the engulfing of pathogens by:
A) Platelets
B) Red blood cells
C) White blood cells
D) T lymphocytes
C) White blood cells
Phagocytosis is the process by which white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens such as bacteria, to protect the body from infection.
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of air during respiration?
A) Trachea → bronchi → alveoli
B) Alveoli → bronchi → trachea
C) Bronchi → trachea → alveoli
D) Lungs → bronchi → trachea
A) Trachea → bronchi → alveoli
Air travels through the trachea, then the bronchi, and finally reaches the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
What part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions such as heartbeat and breathing?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
B) Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure.
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Storage of bile
C) Breaking down food into simple molecules
D) Filtering toxins from the blood
D) Filtering toxins from the blood
The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste, but the filtering of toxins is primarily done by the liver and kidneys.
The human body has how many chambers in the heart?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) Three
B) Four
The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).
What is the primary purpose of the large intestine in the digestive system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Absorb water
C) Break down proteins
D) Produce bile
B) Absorb water
The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food.
Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacteria infection?
A) Influenza
B) Tuberculosis
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Hepatitis B
B) Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress?
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Oestrogen
D) Thyroxine
A) Cortisol
Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, helps the body respond to stress by increasing glucose availability and regulating metabolism.
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
A) Exchange of gases
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Transport of oxygen to tissues
D) Digestion of food
D) Digestion of food
Which of the following is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
A) High blood pressure
B) Obesity
C) Smoking
D) High cholesterol
B) Obesity
What is the most common cause of hypertension?
A) Dehydration
B) Lack of sleep
C) High salt intake
D) Regular exercise
C) High salt intake
What is the body’s immediate response to an injury?
A) White blood cell production
B) Increase in blood pressure
C) Inflammation and clotting
D) Release of insulin
C) Inflammation and clotting
What is the main function of the nervous system?
A) Produce hormones
B) Coordinate and control body activities
C) Transport oxygen and nutrients
D) Digest food
B) Coordinate and control body activities
Which type of immunity results from exposure to a pathogen or vaccination?
A) Innate immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Active immunity
D) Acquired immunity
C) Active immunity