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Biology > B1 and 2 > Flashcards

B1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the max magnification of light microscopes

A

X2000

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2
Q

What is the max resolution of a light microscope

A

200nm

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3
Q

What is the max magnification of electron microscopes

A

X2000000

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4
Q

What is the max resolution of an electron microscope

A

0.2nm

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5
Q

Magnification formulae

A

Magnification= size of image / size of object

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6
Q

What are the features of an animal cell

A

Nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes

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7
Q

What is in a plant cells

A

Nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes cellulose and cell wall chloroplasts permanent vacuole

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8
Q

What are the features of eukaryotic cells

A

Membrane cytoplasm and dna enclosed in a nucleus

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9
Q

What are features of prokaryotic

A

Cytoplasm cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall plasmids

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10
Q

What are all bacteria

A

Prokaryotic cells

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11
Q

What is differentiation in cells

A

When a cell differentiates to have a different sub cellular structure that is specialised to do a certain task

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12
Q

Name examples of specialised animal cells

A

Nerve cells
Sperm cells
Muscle cells

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13
Q

Name examples of specialised plant cells

A

Root hair cells
Photosynthetic cells
Xylem cells
Phloem cells

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14
Q

What is diffusion

A

The spreading out of particles gas liquid or solid in a net movement of higher concentration to lower concentration down a concentration gradient

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15
Q

What factors can effect the rate of diffusion

A

Difference in concentrations
Temperature
Available surface area

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16
Q

What is osmosis

A

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion where water moves from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane

17
Q

What is active transport

A

Active transport is the movement of particles against the concentration gradient that uses energy released from food and respiration to do so it allows particles that are too big to get inside a cells membrane

18
Q

Give an example of active transport

A

The movement of sugar molecules from respiration to the higher concentration in the gut sonit gan get into the blood stream

19
Q

What is sa : v

A

Surface area to volume ratio used in exchanging materials

20
Q

What is cell division

A

The process in which a cell clones itself

21
Q

How are chromosomes found

A

In pairs

22
Q

Cell division happens in a series of stages called?

A

The cell cycle

23
Q

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle

A

Stage 1: interphase
Stage 2: mitosis
Stage 3:cytokericit

24
Q

What happens in the interphase

A

The genetic material is prepared and copied

25
Q

What happens in mitosis

A

The nucleus then divides into two separate nuclei

26
Q

What happens in cytokericit

A

The cell divides in to 2 different cells

27
Q

What can plant cells do with differentiation

A

They retain the ability to differentiate throughout all of their life

28
Q

What do animal cells do with differentiation

A

Animal cells differentiate at an early age and only once can ghey differentiate

29
Q

What is a stem cell

A

They are cells that have the ability to differentiate and clone into many different types of specialised cells

30
Q

What are the two types of stem cells

A

Adult and embryonic stem cells

31
Q

Where do you get embryonic stem cells

A

They are found in the inner part of the embryo

32
Q

Where do you find adult stem cells

A

In your bone marrow

33
Q

In plants where are stem cells found

A

The meristems and this gives plants the ability to clone quickly in the right conditions

34
Q

What is the problem with using stem cells in treatments for humans

A

There are some bad risks and as well there are ethical and religion issues with the use of them

Biology (4 decks)

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