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Biology > B1 - Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis > Flashcards

B1 - Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration and photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What do carbohydrates do

A

To provide energy

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2
Q

What does protein do

A

Growth and repair

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3
Q

What do lipids do

A

Store energy for insulation

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4
Q

What do minerals do

A

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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5
Q

What do vitamins do

A

Needed in small quantities to maintain health

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6
Q

What does fibre do

A

Provides roughage to keep food moving thorugh the digestive system

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7
Q

Biuret reagent - Copper sulfate risk assessment

A

Poisonous. Wash of any spills. Do not eat or drink.

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8
Q

Biruet regent - Sodium hydroxide risk assessment

A

Caustic. Wash of any spills. Do not eat or drink

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9
Q

Sudan III stain risk assessment

A

Ethanol - highly flammable. Inform teacher

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10
Q

Kettle risk assessment

A

Scalding - run under cold water

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11
Q

Testing for carbohydrates(sugars)

A

Put food solution in clean test tube. Add Benedicts solution into test tube. Add hot water (not boiling) to a beaker to make a water bath. Put the test tubei nto the beaker for about 5 mins

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12
Q

Positive result for sugars

A

Blue - negative. Green - there is some. Yellow - there is quite a bit. Red - there is a lot

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13
Q

Testing for carbohydrates(starch)

A

Add food to test tube. Add Iodine.

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14
Q

Positive result for starch

A

Yellow - negative. Blue/Black - Positive

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15
Q

Testing for Lipids

A

Put food into test tube. Add ethanol and shake gently. Add contents to test tube of water.

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16
Q

Positive result for Lipids

A

There will be a red staned layer that will seperate out and float on the surface

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17
Q

Testing for Protein

A

Put food into test tube. Add biuret solution and shake gently

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18
Q

Positive result for Protien

A

Negative - Blue. Positive - Purple/pink

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19
Q

Lipids make up

A

Made of Glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Broken down by LIPASE enzymes

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20
Q

Carbohydrates make up

A

Complex carbs such as starch and cellulose are made up of long chains of simple sugars bonded together. Broken down by Carbohydrase enzymes. Simple sugars made up of only 1 unit - glucose and surcose

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21
Q

What is Aerobic respiration

A

Aerobic respirtaion means respiration using oxygen. It takes place in every pland and animal cells inside the mitochondria.

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22
Q

Equation for Aerobic respirtaion

A

Oxygen+glucose = Carbon dioxide+water

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23
Q

Symbol equation for Aerobic respiration

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)

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24
Q

What takes place in Aerobic respiration

A

Energy is released form this chemical reaction ( exothermic) The breakdown of glucose involves many stages and is controlled by enzymes. The waste products of respiration are carried away in the blood

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25
Q

What does exothermic mean

A

It means releasing energy

26
Q

What does endothermic mean

A

It means it takes in energy

27
Q

How is energy used

A

Making large complex molecules for exapmle building pretiens for amino acids. Breaking down smaller molecules during digestion. TO make sucles work. To pump blood around the body. TO maintain a constant body temperature.

28
Q

What is Anaerobic respiration 2

A

Anaerobic respiration also breaks down glucose to relasease energy but it releases much less energy per glucose molecule. This is becasue the glucose is only partly broken down and there is still energy locked in the bonds of the lactic acid. However, it is much faster so it can supply energy quicker

29
Q

What is Anaerobic respirtaion 1

A

After long periouds of exercise, muscles become fatugued, meaning they cannot do as much work as they normally do. It happenes because some chemicals needed fro reastions start to run out and others,wihich are made, build up and need to be removed. If you exercise too hard, the musle cells might not be able to get all the oxygen needed for respiration. Fortunately, your muscles cells can use anaerobic respiration to release energy from glucose without oxygen.

30
Q

What is Anaerobic respiration 3

A

After exercise, you carry on breathing deeply. The extra oxygen that our bodies need after exercise is called the oxygen debt. The extra oxygen taken in is used to return the body to its resting state and remove lactic acid from the muscle cells. It is transported to the liver cells where it is oxidised so that it can be used for aerobic respiration

31
Q

What is the formula for Anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose - Lactic acid ( Energy)

32
Q

What is fermentation used for

A

Fermentation occurs in yeast cells. Yeast is used in the production of bread, wine and beer

33
Q

What is the formula for fermentation

A

Glucose -(yeast)- ethanol + carbon dioxide

34
Q

How do we test for carbon dioxide

A

We use lime water - if carbon dioxide present it will trun cloudy and bubbles will appear

35
Q

What are plants

A

Plants are producers. That mean that they do not have to eat other organisms to survive. They make their own food using sunlight

36
Q

What is a producer

A

An organism that produces its own food

37
Q

Why are algae differnt to plants

A

Do not have leaves or stems or roots. Can be uncellular or multicellular organisms. Live underwater

38
Q

What do plants and alage do

A

Plants and algae prduce their own food by photosynthesis. Plants and algae use energy from teh Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

39
Q

What is the formula for Photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water - ——-Light - ——> glucose + oxygen
(Reactants) (Chloroplast) (Products)

40
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A

In chloroplasts found in the leaf cells (and stem cells).

41
Q

What is choloroplast

A

Cholorplasts are green becasue they conain chlorphyll

42
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Chlorophyll is a green pigment. FOund in chloropasts. Chlorophyll abosrbs sun light energy. The energy is used to power the photosynthesis chemical reaction

43
Q

How does water get into a plant

A

Water diffuses into the root hair cells. (Refer to picture of root hair cell).

44
Q

How do the gases get into and out of a plant

A

On the underside of the leaf there are tiny holes called stomata. The holes allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into a leaf and oxygen to diffuse out of the leaf

45
Q

Where does photosyntheisis occur

A

Photosynthesis happens in the choloroplast and it has two stages. Stage 1 - Light dependant energy (from sunlight) splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Stage 2 - Light independent. Carbon dioxide combines with the hydrgoen to form glucose.

46
Q

Is photosynthesis exothermic

A

No it is endothermic as it takes in energy

47
Q

How does photosynthesis happen

A

Chlorophyll in the choloroplasts abosrbs light. Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the stomata. Water enters teh leaf through the xylem tubes. Glucose is transported away from the leaf to all parts of the plant. Oxygen leaves through the tiny holes

48
Q

What does glucose do ( respiration)

A

Energy release

48
Q

What does glucose do (Nucleic acids)

A

DNA - genetic material

49
Q

What does glucose do (Cellulose)

A

Cell walls

50
Q

What does glucose do (fats and oils)

A

Storage and cell membranes)

51
Q

What does glucose do (Starch)

A

Storage

52
Q

What does glucose do (sucrose)

A

Fruits

53
Q

What does glucose do (Nitrates from soil + amino acids)

A

Protein for grouth and repair

54
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Enough light. Enough carbon dioxide. Ideal temp

55
Q

Light and the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light energy has to be absorbed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis to take place. The brighter the light, the more light energy there is. More light energy means that phosynthesis will be faster

56
Q

Carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials used by plants to make thier food. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air(0.03%) is actually quite low

57
Q

Temperature and the rate of photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes. Enzymes usally work best at warmer temperatures. If the temps get too high they get de-natured

58
Q

Light - limiting factor

A

As the amount of light increases, so does the rate. The limiting factor is light. Here, Increasing the amount of light has no affect on the rate. The liming factor is now carbon dioxide or temperature

59
Q

Carbon dioxide liming factor

A

As the amount of carbon dioxide goes up, so does the rate. The limiting factor is carbon dioxide. Here, increasing the number of carbon dioxide has no affect on the rate. Light or warmth is now the limiting factor.

60
Q

Temperature limiting factor

A

As temperature icnreases, so does the rate because photosynthetic enzymes work best in the warmth. Here the liming factor is temp. Most plant enzymes are destroyed at about 45 degrees. HERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS STOPS AND THE RATE FALLS TO ZERO. temp is the limiting factor now

Biology (2 decks)

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