B1

Question 1

define what a eukaryotic cell is

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

define what a prokaryotic cell is

Answer 2

A cell that does not have a nucleus – the DNA is free in the cytoplasm

Question 3

features of prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Small, no nucleus

Question 4

how many micro metres are in a mm

Answer 4

1000

Question 5

how many mm metres are in a micro metre

Answer 5

0.001

Question 6

Which organelles are shared by animal and plant cells?

Answer 6

cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria

Question 7

which organelles are found only in animal cells?

Answer 7

centrioles, lysosomes

Question 8

which organelles are found only in plant cells?

Answer 8

Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

Question 9

Order these steps in the required light practical:

-place the slide
-use the coarse focus
-use the fine focus
-record findings in image
-start at the lowest power

Answer 9

1) start at the lowest power
2)place the slide
3)use the coarse focus
4)use the fine focus
5)record findings in image

Question 10

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 10

produces energy “powerhouse of the cell”

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleus ?

Answer 11

Controls the cell, contains genetic information

Question 12

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

protein synthesis

Question 13

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 13

structural support, stores waste and nutrients

Question 14

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 14

provide structure to the cell

Question 15

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

Controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 16

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 16

Where chemical reactions take place, holds organelles in place

Question 17

define magnification

Answer 17

making an object appear larger than its actual size when viewed through a microscope

Question 18

define resolution

Answer 18

the ability to distinguish between two points in a microscope image

Question 19

What makes electron and light microscopes different?

Answer 19

Electron microscopes have more magnification and resolution compared to light microscopes but cost more

Question 20

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 20

magnification= size of image/size of real object

Question 21

Describe how genetic information is stored in the nucleus of a cell

Answer 21

stored in dna which is in the shape of a double helix. has 46 chromosomes

Question 22

Order the stages of mitosis (read all lewis):

-cell begins to divide

-membrane breaks down, chromosomes line up in the middle

-DNA replicates and forms two copies of each chromosome

-cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

-one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end

Answer 22

1)cell begins to divide

2)DNA replicates and forms two copies of each chromosome

3)membrane breaks down, chromosomes line up in the middle

4)one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end

5)cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 23

What do you call a cell that has just been copied?

Answer 23

daughter cells

Question 24

define stem cells in animal cells

Answer 24

unspecialized cells that can divide and differentiate into many types of cells, including specialized cells

Question 25

define stem cells in plant cells

Answer 25

undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants

Question 26

how are stem cells used?

Answer 26

clone plants and therapeutic cloning

Question 27

Define diffusion

Answer 27

the process in which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 28

What are the factors that effect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 28

temperature, surface area, concentration gradient, distance

Question 29

describe the process of osmosis

Answer 29

water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Question 30

define active transport

Answer 30

the process of moving molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient, using energy to overcome resistance

Question 31

common example of active transport

Answer 31

root hair cells move minerals from the soil into the plant, where the concentration of the minerals is higher