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Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do u calculate magnification?

A

Magnification =magnification of eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lenses

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2
Q

How do you find the image size of an object ?

A

Imagine size = actual size x magnification

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3
Q

Resolution?

A

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between to separate points

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4
Q

What do light microscopes magnify up to

A

X2000

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5
Q

What do electron microscopes magnify up to ?

A

X2 000 000

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6
Q

What are plasmids in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Plasmids are little circular rings of dna

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7
Q

What does the flagella do in a prokaryotic cell

A

Helps the cell move around and is a long protein strand

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8
Q

What is the use of slime capsules around a prokaryotic cell

A

Protects the cell

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9
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

A

A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a prokaryotic cell doesn’t

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10
Q

Name 3 specialised animal cells

A

Nerve cell , muscle cells, sperm cells

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11
Q

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?

A

-a long tail whips side to side to help the sperm move
-middle section is filled with mitochondria which transfers energy needed first the tail to work
-acrosome stores digestive enzymes for breaking the outer layers of the egg
-a large nucleus contains dna for it to be passed on

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12
Q

What are adaptations for the nerve cell?

A

-Lots of dendrites to connect with other cell
-long axon that carries the nerve impulse from a place to another
-the synapses pass the impulses to another cell or between a nerve cell and a muscle cell in the body using special transmitter chemicals
-contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed to make the transmitter chemicals

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13
Q

What are the properties of a nerve cell?

A

Nucleus,cell body,axon,dendrites,myelin sheath,synapse

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14
Q

What are the properties of a sperm cell?

A

Acrosome,tail,middle section,nucleus

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15
Q

What are the adaptations for muscle cells?

A

-contain special proteins that slide over each other making the fibres contract
-contains lots of mitochondria to help the chemical reactions that takes place as the cells contract and relax
-can store glycogen

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16
Q

What are the adaptations for root hair cells?

A

-They greatly increase the surface area for water to move into the cell
-that have a large permanent vacuole that speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from the soil across the root hair cells
-has lots of mitochondria that transfers energy for the active transport of mineral ions into the root hair cells

17
Q

Name 4 specialised plant cells

A

Root hair cells, photosynthetic cells, xylem cells,phloem cells

18
Q

What are the adaptations of photosynthetic cells ?

A

-contain chloroplast which contains chlorophyll that trap the light needed for photosynthesis
-usually positioned in continuous layers so they can absorb as much light as possible
-have a large permanent vacuole that helps keep the cell rigid

19
Q

What are the adaptations for xylem cells?

A
  • after the cells die from lignin they form long hollow tubs that allow water and mineral ions to move easily through them
    -the spirals and rings of lignin make the cells very strong it helps withstand the pressure of water moving it also helps support the plant stem
20
Q

What are the adaptations of phloem cells?

A
  • the cell walls between the cells break down to form special sleeve plates this allows water carrying dissolved food to move freely up and down the tubes to where it is needed
    -phloem cells are supported by companion cells that help keep the cell alive and the mitochondria of the companion cells transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food around
21
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

A solution that is the same concentration

22
Q

What does hyper tonic mean ?

A

A solution that has a higher concentration of

23
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

A solution that has a lower concentration

24
Q

What happens when a plant cell is placed in hypertonic solution than the cells contents?

A

It becomes plasmolysed (shrinks)

25
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA)

26
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions take place

27
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

What controls what substances come into and out of the cell

28
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place

29
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Where protein synthesis takes place (where proteins are made)

30
Q

What are 3 differences between an animal and plant cell?

A

Chloroplast,cell wall,vacuole

31
Q

What is the function of a cell wall in a plant cell?

A

What strengthens the cell and gives support (made of cellulose)

32
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

A space in the cytoplasm which is filled with cell sap

33
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

-they contain green pigment called chlorophyll
-chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food (glucose)
-photosynthesis takes place

34
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are equilibrium (evenly spread out)

35
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (which has a low concentration of water)

36
Q

What factors affect diffusion?

A

Temperature,surface area to volume ratio,concentration

37
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

A

The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the particles will have, so they will move and mix more quickly.

38
Q

What is active transport?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy against the concentration gradient.

Biology (3 decks)

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