4.2 Organisation Flashcards
What are cells?
The basic building blocks of all living organisms
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure and function
What are organs?
They are aggregations of tissues performing specific functions
How are organs organised?
Organised into organ systems which work together to form organisms
What is a digestive system?
An example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food
What are enzymes ?
Biological catalysts
What is an organ system?
Groups of organs that perform specific functions in the body
What are lipids ?
They are fats and oils
What are lipids made of ?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What do digestive enzymes convert food into?
Into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
What do carbohydrases do?
Break down carbohydrates to simple sugars
What is amylase?
A carbohydrase which breaks down starch
What does protease break down?
Proteins into amino acids
What do lipases break down ?
Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
What does denatured mean?
The breakdown of molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions due to temperature or ph
Where is bile bile made and stored?
Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
What is bile?
An alkaline that neutralises stomach acid . Emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increase the surface area of the. The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate of fat breakdown by lipase
What is the difference between a complex carbohydrates and simple sugar?
Simple sugars are carbohydrates that contain only one or two sugar units whereas complex carbohydrates contain long chains of simple sugars
Explain the lock and key theory?
The substrate is the key the active site is the the key hole and the enzyme is the lock the substrate fits into the active site forming a enzyme substrate complex and this fit allows the enzyme to help break down or build up the substrate, resulting in a product . Once the reaction is complete the product is released and ezy,enzyme can be used again
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used or changed itself
What is an active site?
The site on an enzyme where the reactants bind
What is metabolism and how does it link to metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism . Different enzymes catalyse specific metabolic reactions
