B1

Question 1

Name 5 parts that an animal and plant cell have in common.

Answer 1

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 2

Name 3 features of a plant cell that are not in an animal cell.

Answer 2

Chloroplasts, permanent vacuole (filled with cell sap), cell wall

Question 3

Describe the function of the nucleus.

Answer 3

Contains the genetic material of the cell

Question 4

Describe the function of the cytoplasm.

Answer 4

The location of cellular reactions

Question 5

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

Answer 5

To determine what is allowed in and out of the cell

Question 6

Describe the function of the mitochondria.

Answer 6

Where aerobic respiration occurs to release energy

Question 7

Describe the function of the ribosomes.

Answer 7

To bond amino acids together to form proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 8

Describe the function of the chloroplast.

Answer 8

The location of photosynthesis

Question 9

Describe the function of the permanent vacuole.

Answer 9

A storage area for ions and water sometimes pigments

Question 10

What is the definition of a cell?

Answer 10

The individual unit of an organism

Question 11

What is the definition of a tissue?

Answer 11

Cells of the same type working together to perform a specific function

Question 12

What is the definition of an organ?

Answer 12

A structure made from multiple tissue types to perform a specific function

Question 13

What is the definition of an organ system?

Answer 13

Multiple organs working together to perform a specific function

Question 14

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 14

The process of a stem cell dividing and becoming a specialised cell

Question 15

What are the two advantages of electron microscopes over light microscopes?

Answer 15

1. Increased magnification
2. Increased resolution

Question 16

What is the resolution or resolving power of a microscope?

Answer 16

The ability to determine two close objects as separate images

Question 17

How much smaller is a micrometre than a millimetre?

Answer 17

1,000

Question 18

By what process do bacterial cells divide?

Answer 18

Binary fission

Question 19

What is a chromosome?

Answer 19

A coiled thread like structure of nucleic acids (DNA) and protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 20

What is mitosis critical for?

Answer 20

Growth, repair and development of an organism

Question 21

What is a stem cell?

Answer 21

An undifferentiated cell

Question 22

What is a potential use of stem cells in medicine?

Answer 22

To treat conditions where cells have been damaged e.g. diabetes, paralysis

Question 23

What is the principal of therapeutic cloning?

Answer 23

An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient

Question 24

Give an advantage of therapeutic cloning.

Answer 24

No rejection of the new cells by the patient (as they are the patient’s own cells)

Question 25

Give two potential problems with therapeutic cloning.

Answer 25

1. Risk of viral infection
2. Religious/ethical objections around the use of embryos

Question 26

Define diffusion.

Answer 26

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 27

Name three factors which affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 27

1. The difference in concentrations (concentration gradient)
2. Temperature
3. Surface area of the membrane

Question 28

Name two common features that aid the exchange of substances in animal small intestine and lungs, fish gills, plant roots and leaves.

Answer 28

1. Large surface area
2. Thin membrane to provide a short diffusion path

Question 29

Name two further features that aid the exchange of substances in animals but not plants.

Answer 29

1. An efficient blood supply
2. The ability to ventilate (to allow air to move in and out of the organism)

Question 30

Define osmosis.

Answer 30

The diffusion of water from a high water potential to a low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 31

Define active transport.

Answer 31

The movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration (against a concentration gradient)

Question 32

From what reaction does the energy required for active transport come?

Answer 32

Respiration

Question 33

Give two examples of where active transport is used in Biology (one plant, one animal).

Answer 33

1. Plant root hair cells absorbing mineral ions from the soil
2. Glucose absorption from the small intestine into the blood

Question 34

By what process do bacterial cells provide?

Answer 34

Binary fission

Question 35

If provided with enough nutrients and a suitable temperature, how often can bacterial cells divide?

Answer 35

Around every 20 minutes

Question 36

Describe the two ways bacteria can be grown in the laboratory.

Answer 36

1. In a nutrient broth solution
2. On an agar gel plate/petri dish

Question 37

What is a contaminant?

Answer 37

An unwanted species of microorganism growing in your culture

Question 38

What should you do with petri dishes and culture media before use?

Answer 38

Sterilise it a high temperature to kill contaminants

Question 39

How do you sterilise inoculating loops?

Answer 39

Pass them through a bunsen burner flame before use

Question 40

How should a petri dish be stored in school?

Answer 40

Upside down with tape securing the lid

Question 41

What is the maximum temperature cultures should be incubated at in schools/colleges?

Answer 41

25 degrees Celsius

Question 42

Explain why the maximum incubation temperature for bacterial cultures in schools is 25 degrees celsius?

Answer 42

To avoid growing potential pathogens

Question 43

If you were asked to calculate the cross sectional area of a circular clear area around a disinfectant, what equation would you use?

Answer 43

Pi R squared