B1 Flashcards
Ecotone
Area between ecosystems where organisms interact
Edges: More biodiverse, organisms move back and forth between ecosystems
Habitat
Where a organism lives and gets its resources
Niche
Rols of a organsim in a ecosystem and how it intracts with it
Range
The spatial area where a species is found
Distrubution
How individuals in a population are distrubted at a given time
Ecological niche
- Place in a food web
- Habitat
- Breeding area
- Time its most active
Territoral Niche
Helps understand how organisms interact in a ecosystem
New (exotic) species
- New spieces that can cause disturbance
- How do they arrive?
Natural movement, seed dissposal, new routes, human introduction
Major causes of depletion, extinction, and habitat loss (exotic species)
- No natural population controls
- Native species cant compete
- prey lack defense mechanisms
Biome
Region with a specific climate and species adapted to it
Aibotic factors of quatic ecosystems
- Temperature
- Sunlight
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Depth
- Light
- Clarity
- Salinity
- pH
Lake Ecosystems
Littoral
From shore to the point where no more plants grow
Lake Ecosystems
Limnetic Zone
Open water, suffeicent enough for photsynthesis
Lake Ecosystems
Profundal Zone
Beneath limnetic, insuffiecient light for photosynthesis
Lake Ecosystems
Benthic Zone
Lowest Zone, usually sediment at seafloor
Seasonal varaition
Epilimon
Warmest layer, usually during summer
Seasonal variation
Thermocline
Middle ground between where temparuture grdually decreses
Seasonal variation
Turnover
Fall and spring, turns water into to the same layer
seasonal variation
Winter
turns the top layer into ice
Eutrophic lake
- High nutrients level
- High photosynthesis
- murky
- Oxygen poor
Oligotrophic
- Low nutrients
- Photosynthesis limited
- clear water
- Oxygen rich
Terrestial aibiotic factors
- Depth of soil
- Soil nutrients
- Light
- temperature
- water availabity
Soil layers
Litter
Made up of partially decomposed leaves/grasses, and is the topmost layer
Soil Layers
Topsoil
Made up of small rocks, decaying plants, and animal matter, Beneath litter
Soil Layers
Subsoil
Made up of rock particles and some organic matter
Soil Layers
Bedrock
Layer rock, end of soil
Water table
Boundary between groundwater and soil
Biotic limiting factors
- Compeiton for resources
- Predation
- Parasites
Interspecific
Competion etween 2 different species
Intraspecific
Competition between the same species
Aibiotic limitin factors
- Water
- temperature
- sunlight
- oxygen
Taxonomy
Classifification system that infers reltionships among organisms
Dancing
Kangaroo
Play
Catch
On
Fuzzy
Green
Sand
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Classes
Order
Families
Genus
Species
Domains
Eubacteria
- Unicellular/prokaryote
- No nuclues
- Asexual
- Mixotrophic
- Variety of habitats
is bacteria that makes you sick, help you digest, fix nitrogen,etc
Domains
Archaebacteria
- Unicellular
- Asexual
- Chemoautotrophic or heteortrophic
- Extreme enviornments
Domains
Eukaryota
- Uni and cellular
- Sexual
Kingdoms
Bacteria
- Single celled
- Wide range of habitats
- Prokaryotes
Kingdoms
Archea
- Single celled
- Extreme environmetns
- Prokaryote
Kingdoms
Protista
- Single and multi celled
- Eukaryotic
Kingdoms
Fungi
- Single and multi celled
- Eurakyotic
- Secretes enzymes to ingest
Plantae
- Multicelled
- Eukaryote
- photosynthesis
Kingdom
Animalia
- Eukaryotic
- multi celled
- heterotropjs
Plant pyhla
Byrophytes
- No true roots
- Anchored by rhizoids
- No vascular
- Reproduce via spore
Plant pyhla
Filicnophyta (ferns)
- Has leaves, roots, stems (leaves are pinnae)
- has vascular
- reproduce with spores
Plant pyhla
Coniferophytes (Woody trees, shrubs)
- Leaves, roots, stems
- Stems are woody, leaves are waxy and needle like
- Vascular
- Reproduce via non-motile seeds
Plant pyhla
Angiosperophyta (flowering plants)
- Leaves, roots, stems
- Highly variable in structure
- Vascular
- Reproduces in seeds
Animal Phyla
Porifera (Sea sponges)
- Asymmetrical
- No mout or anus
- Silica or Calcium carbante based
- Fixed in place (sessile)
Animal Phyla
Cnidaria (Anemones, Coral, Jellyfish)
- Radial (Circular)
- Mouth but no anus
- May have stinging tentacles used for hunting prey
- Corals secrete calcium arbonate skeleton
Animal Phyla
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- Bilateral (two sides
- Mouth but no anus
- Flattened body (High SA:V ratio)
- Maybe parasitic and require host organism
Animal Phyla
Annelida (Earthworms and Leeches)
- Bilateral body
- Seperate mouth and anus
- Ringed segments
- Perisataltic contraction at segments
Animal Phyla
Mollusca (Slugs, Squids, bivalves)
- Bilateral
- Seperate mouth and anus
- Visceral muscle mass, muscle foot and mantle
- Diverse in sie and anatomical structure
Animal Phyla
Arthopoda (Spiders and Scorpians)
- Bilateral
- Seperate mouth and anus
- Jointed body secretions and appendages
- Hard chitinous exoskeleton
- 80% of all species are arthopoda
Animal Phyla
Chordata (veterbrates)
- Bilateral
- Seperate mouth and anus
- Notochord, hollow, dorsal nerve tube all develop into a backbone
- Some subphyla are invertabrates
