B1 Flashcards
Calculating the size of an object
Image size ÷ magnification x size of real object
Nucleus
Controlls all the activities of cell and is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains genes on the chromosones that carry instructions for making proteins needed to build new cells or organisms.
Cytoplasm
A liquid gel in which organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place.
Cell membrane
Controlls what goes in and out of a cell
Mitochondria
Structures in cytoplasm where aerobic resparation takes place, releasing energy for the cells.
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place
Nerve cells
Nerve cells are specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal
Sperm cell
Sperm cells are usually released a long way from the egg they are going to fertilise. They Contain genetic information from the male parent.
Muscle cells
What are cells are specialised cells that can contract and relax
Root hair cells
They help plants take up water and mineral ions more efficiently
Photosynthesis cells
They are usually on the outer layers of the stem of a plant so they can they absorb as much light as possible
Xylem cells
Xylem is the transport tissue in plants that carries water in the mineral ions from roots to the highest leaves and shoots
Phloem cells
Phloem Is the specialised transport tissue that carries the food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant
What do all eukaryotic cells have
Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material that is in a nucleus
What does a Prokaryotic consist of
Cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall
What does an Animal cell contain
The nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes
What does a Plant cell Contain
A nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes and a cell wall
What is the function of nerve cells?
Transmits electrical impulses.
What is the function of muscle cells
Muscle cells are specialised to contract quickly to move bones or simply to squeeze therefore causing movement.
What is the function of xylem cells in a plant
They are specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots.
What is the function of pholem cells in a plant
Transports food (by translocation) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
What is the function of root hair cells in a plant?
They are specialised to absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil.
