B1 Flashcards
What does eukaryotic mean
All animal and plants are made from complex cells called eukaryotic cells
What does prokaryotic mean
Bacteria are small and simple cells
What is the role of the nucleus
Controls the cells activities
What is the role of the cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most chemical reactions take place
What is the role of the mitchrochondria
Site of cellular respiration and contain the enzymes needed for the reactions involved
What is the role of the cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out by providing a selective barrier
What is the role of the chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs
What is a polymer
Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together
What is dna
A polymer made up of nucleotide monomers
What is an enzyme
Make reactions without being changed themselves
What is a catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction themselves
What is the role of the active site in enzymes
The substance has to fit in order for the reaction to be catatlysed this means that enzymes usually only work with one substrate so they are very specific
What is respiration
The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
What is ATP
Stores energy needed for many cell processes
What is aerobic respiration
What happens when there is plenty of oxygen available
What is the equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose+oxygen——-carbon dioxide+water
What is a anaerobic respiration
The glucose is only partially broke down
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose———- lactic acid
What is photosynthesis
Happens inside chloroplasts they contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy is transferred to the chloroplasts from the environment by light
What is the equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide+water——-glucose +oxygen
What 3 things affect the rate of photosynthesis
Light
Concentration of co2
Temperature
What happens when there is not enough light
The rate of photosynthesis is slowed down
Why does the temperature have to be just right for photosynthesis
If it’s too low the enzymes needed for photosynthesis will be slower
If it’s too hot then then enzymes will become denatured and the rate of reaction decreases rapidly
What does phloem tubes transport
Food
What does xylem tubes uptake
Water
What is the movement of food substances around the plant known as
Translocation
What is differentiation
A cell changes to become more specialised for its job
What is the importance of specialised cells
Allows the organism to work more efficiently
What is a stem cell
Stem cells are undifferentiated depending on what instructions they are given they can divide by mitosis to become new cells then they can differentiate
What are adult stem cells used for
Replacing damaged cells example to make new skin or blood cells
