B1 1 Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What are carbohydrates, fats and proteins used for?
To release energy and to build cells.
What is a balanced diet?
A healthy diet which contains the right balance of the different foods you need and the right amount of energy.
Minerals and vitamins are needed in 1)…… ……for the body so that it can 2)…… ……
1) Small amounts
2) Function healthily
What do you call a person if they don’t have a balanced diet?
Malnourished
What can unbalanced diets lead to?
Becoming overweight or deficiency diseases.
When does a person lose mass?
When the energy content taken is less than the energy content expended by the body.
What does exercise do to the body?
It increases the amount of energy expended by the body.
What is meant by metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions take place in body cells.
What can effect the metabolic rate?
- Inherited factors
- Amount of activity
- Proportion of muscle to fat
What effects cholesterol levels?
• Inherited factors
Who is more healthier, a person who does more exercise or a person who does less exercise?
Someone who does more exercise.
What are microorganisms which cause disease called?
Pathogens
What do bacteria and viruses do to make us ill? Moreover, what do viruses do?
They reproduce rapidly inside the body and produce toxins. Viruses damage cells while they reproduce.
What cells help defend against pathogens?
White blood cells
How to white blood cells help defend against pathogens?
- Ingesting pathogens
- Producing antibodies
- Producing antitoxins
What are antibodies? What are antitoxins?
Antibodies destroy particular bacteria or viruses; produced by white blood cells.
Antitoxins counteract the toxins released by the pathogens.
How do white blood cells recognise that a pathogen has entered the body?
The microorganisms would not own an antigen which is known to the white blood cells.
What produces white blood cells to produce specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen?
The immune system
What can lead someone becoming immune towards a particular pathogen?
Vaccinations
If a larger population becomes immune towards a pathogen, what happens to the spread of the pathogen?
It gets reduced
What did Semmelweis recognise about the importance of hand-washing?
It prevented the spreading of infectious diseases.
What do painkillers do?
They help to relieve the symptoms of the infectious disease; it doesn’t kill the actual pathogen.
What is an antibiotic? Give an example.
It is a medicine which helps cure bacterial diseases by killing infectious bacteria inside the body. Penicillin is an example for this.
Why can’t antibiotics be used for viral infections?
Since viruses live and reproduce inside body cells and the cells can be damaged as well as the pathogen.
