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ICT BO61 > B061- ICT Systems > Flashcards

B061- ICT Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of computers?

A

Input, processing, output, main or internal memory, backing storage.

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2
Q

What is ‘hardware’?

A

‘Hardware’ is the physical components of the computer system that can be touched.

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3
Q

Give four examples of hardware.

A

Monitor, keyboard, mouse, hard disk

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4
Q

What is ‘software’?

A

‘Software’ is the set of instructions (code or program) that the computer follows.

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5
Q

Give four examples of software.

A

Word processing software, web-authoring software, publication software, operating systems.

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6
Q

What is the function of input devices?

A

Components for entering data.

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7
Q

What is the function of output devices?

A

Components to show the result of processing.

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8
Q

What is the function of processing?

A

Components that decide what instructions mean and what to do.

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9
Q

What is the function of main and internal memory?

A

Components to store the data being used.

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10
Q

What is the function of backing storage?

A

Components to store the data and/or instructions when the computer is switched off.

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11
Q

What are the three main types of computer system?

A

Personal computers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.

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12
Q

Give three examples of personal computers.

A

Laptop, desktop, notebook, tablet etc

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13
Q

Name as many input devices as you can.

A

Joystick, keyboard, keypad, microphone, mouse, touch screen, webcam, sensors, remote control, graphics tablet etc.

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14
Q

Name four output devices.

A

Monitor, printer, speakers, actuators

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15
Q

What is the role of actuators?

A

Produces movement.

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16
Q

Name three specialised input devices.

A

Braille keyboard, foot mouse, puff-suck switch

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17
Q

Which type of printer is used at home and for general printing?

A

An inkjet printer.

18
Q

Which type of printer is used for printing in bulk quantities?

A

A laser printer.

19
Q

What are the two types of computer memory? What do they stand for?

A

ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory)

20
Q

What is flash memory? Give an example.

A

Flash memory does not lose data when a computer is switched off and is found in smartphones and USB sticks.

21
Q

What are hard disks used for?

A

Hard disks are used to store the operating system and data/files when computer power is turned off.

22
Q

True or false? Operating systems manage the use of the CPU, inputs and outputs, memory resources and the hardware.

A

True.

23
Q

What does utility software do?

A

Utility software manages the hard disk, compresses and/or encrypts files and scans for viruses.

24
Q

Give three types of application software used for creating and managing data and information.

A

Word processors, desktop publishings, spreadsheets, database management, multimedia software, presentation software, web-authoring software, programming software.

25
Q

Give three types of application software used for creating and managing still, moving and video images.

A

Photo editing software, animation software, video-editing software, graphics manipulation software.

26
Q

Give three types of application software used for communicating with others.

A

web-browsing software, communications software (such as social networking software), gaming software.

27
Q

How is program code produced?

A

Editors are used to type and create source code (instructions not understood by computers), compliers convert the source code in to object code (understood by computers), debuggers find errors in code, linkers join the different parts of code, interpreters change the code from one computer language to another.

28
Q

What does CLI stand for?

A

Command Line Interface.

29
Q

What is a command line interface?

A

A black box that is where commands are manually entered.

30
Q

What does GUI stand for?

A

Graphic User Interface.

31
Q

What is a graphic user interface?

A

The pictures, images and other buttons that users click on in order to access a particular part of the computer and choose options.

32
Q

Give three advantages to using a GUI.

A

The user does not need detailed knowledge of the computer. It restricts user access to the system. The user doesn’t need to know commands.

33
Q

Give three advantages to using a CLI.

A

Allows access to all of the system. Complex commands can be used. Repetitive commands can be used to carry out sequences of tasks.

34
Q

Give three disadvantages of using a GUI.

A

It does not access all of the system. It requires a large amount of main memory. Needs more processing power than CLI.

35
Q

Give three disadvantages of using a CLI.

A

It isn’t easy for most users to use. You need to know the details of the commands and how they work. It gives access to all the system making it easy to make mistakes and cause damage.

36
Q

What three things are file type extensions used for?

A

Used to tell the operating system what is in the file, which software application created the file and which software application should open the file.

37
Q

Give three file type extensions used for image files.

A

jpg, gif, png, tif

38
Q

Give two file type extensions used for audio files.

A

WAV, mp3

39
Q

Give two file type extensions used for video files.

A

mpeg2, mpeg4

40
Q

Give three file type extensions used for document files.

A

doc, xls, ppt, txt, rtf

41
Q

Why do some operating systems use other extensions, such as a command, and not file type extensions to find out the type of file and decide what should be done with it?

A

Because some operating systems can look inside the file and examine its contents.

ICT BO61 (9 decks)

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