B05 Aerobic And Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards
What is the energy that is released by food used for
Contraction of muscle cells, producing movement.
Making large molecules such as proteins (protein synthesis). Important proteins include some hormones and muscle fibres.
Making new cells through the process of cell division. The cells are needed for growth and repair.
Transmitting nerve impulses around the body.
Helping organisms who are endothermic to maintain a constant internal temperature.
Symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12+6O2–>energy+6CO2+6H2O
Define aerobic respiration
The release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen.
Define cell respiration
By breaking down food molecules to release the stored chemical energy they contain
Define anaerobic respiration
The release of a relatively small punt of energy by the breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen
Why do humans respire anaerobically
During strenuous exercise such as weight lifting or sprinting we are unable to get enough oxygen to our muscles fast enough. In order for the muscles to obtained enough energy they respire anaerobically.
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
Glucose–> lactic acid + energy
What are the two main drawbacks of anaerobic respiration
It only produced a relatively small amount of energy.
It can only take place for a short period of time in humans because lactic acid is poisonous.
Why does lactic acid cause muscles to ache and develop cramps
Lactic acid lowers the pH,making muscle tissues more acidic. The enzymes that catalyze movement and muscle fibres are proteins which are sensitive to the drop in pH.
Define oxygen debt
When you carry on breathing heavily after exercise. This is because the lactic acid has to be broken down into harmless products, this requires oxygen.
Describe anaerobic respiration in yeast
Yeast respire anaerobically by converting glucose into alcohol, carbon dioxide and a relatively small amount of energy.
Word equation for anaerobic respiration of yeast
Glucose+Carbon dioxide –> small amount of energy+ alcohol
How is bread made
The flour is mixed with water and a small amount of sugar and yeast are added. The dough is left in a warm place during which time the yeast cells multiply and ferment/ breakdown the sugar giving off carbon dioxide. This makes the dough expand. The heat kills the yeast and the alcohol evaporates
How to make beer
The yeast converts the sugar solution into alcohol and carbon dioxide gets trapped in the beer to give it fizziness
The word formula for aerobic respiration
Glucose+oxygen–>energy+Carbon dioxide +water
