B04 Digestion Flashcards
Define mechanical/physical digestion
The cutting and crushing action of the teeth as feeding takes place as well as the rhythmical contractions of the guy and stomach
Define chemical digestion
The breaking down of food or food molecules by acids and enzymes within the digestive system
Define ingestion
The consumption of food/food molecules into the body
Why is it important for food to be chemically digested?
It converts the food into the nutrients which are needed for the body. It allows nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
What happens during the assimilation of digested food?
The digested food becomes the components for parts of the body, which can be stored or consumed by the metabolic system
Where does digestion occur
Mouth cavity. Stomach. Small intestine.
Where does the absorption of digested food molecules occur
Small intestine
Where does the absorption of water occur
The large intestine
Where does egestion occur
Large intestine. Anus.
What is the alimentary canal
A long coiled tube that is 7-9 meters long. At one end food is ingested and the undigested remains of a meal are egested through the anus. Digestion and absorption occur in between.
Use of salivary gland
Contains amylase that breaks down starch into maltose
Use of gall bladder
Produces bile to neutralize stomach acid
Use of pancreas
Contains lipase and carbohydrase to break down fats and carbohydrates
Define peristalsis
The action of the muscle moving food along the alimentary canal
Use of incisor
For cutting and snipping at food
Use of canine
For tearing at food
Use of premolar
Tearing and crushing food
Use of molar
Crushing and grinding food
Enamel
Extremely hard material forming sharp points and edges
Dentine
Hard bone like material containing living cells
Pulp cavity
Central space containing nerves and blood supply l
Nerves in teeth
Sensory endings that respond to join hot and cold
Cement
Helps attach root to jaw and acts as shock absorber
Blood vessels in teeth
Supply food and oxygen to the living cells of tooth
Gum
Soft tissue surrounding teeth
Crown
Part of tooth above gum
Root
Part of teeth under gum
Define digestion
The process in which food is broken down and processed in the body
What is tooth decay caused by?
Sugary food, acidic diet, vomiting, bad dental hygiene, acid
Define plaque
A bulls up of materials that was not originally there
Where is amylase produced
Salivary glands and pancreas
Where is protease produced
Stomach and pancreas
Where is lipase produced
Pancreas
What does amylase break down and what does it produce
Breaks down starch, produces maltose
What does protease break down and what does it produce
Breaks down protein, produces amino acids
What does lipase break down and what does it produce
Breaks down fats, produces fatty acids and glycerol
