B & T Lymphocyte Activation

Question 1

3 major classes of helper T cells

Answer 1

Th1
Th2
Th17

Question 2

Agonists of CTLA-4

Answer 2

Abatacept

Belatacept

Question 3

Antagonist of CTLA-4

Answer 3

Ipilimumab

Question 4

Superantigen examples

Answer 4

Staphylococcal enterotoxins
Toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins

Question 5

Cytokine produced with intracellular infections

Answer 5

IL-12

Question 6

Cytokine produced with parasitic infections

Answer 6

Il-4

Question 7

Cytokine produced with extracellular bacterial and fungal infections

Answer 7

IL-23
IL-6
TGF-B

Question 8

Th1 cells produce?

Answer 8

IFN-y

Question 10

Function of interferon-y

Answer 10

Secreted by NK cells and T cells in response to antigen IL-12 from macrophages; stimulates macrophages to kil phagocytosed pathogens. Inhibits differentiation of Th2 cells

Question 11

Interleukin from Th2

Answer 11

IL-4
IL-5 
IL-10
IL-13
TGF-B

Question 12

Predominant cytokine produced in response to parasitic infection

Answer 12

IL-4

Question 13

Transcription factor of Th1

Answer 13

T-bet

Question 14

Transcription factor of Th2

Answer 14

GATA3

Question 15

Transcription factor of Th17

Answer 15

RORyT

Question 16

Function of interleukin 4

Answer 16

Induces differentiation of T cells into Th (helper)2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.

Question 17

Function of interleukin 5

Answer 17

Drives maturation and activation of eosinophils

Question 18

Function of the M2 macrophage

Answer 18

Tissue repair, increased intestinal mucous secretion and peristalsis

Question 19

Function of interleukin 10

Answer 19

Attenuates inflammatory response. Decrease expresion of MHC class II and Th1 cytokines. Inhibits macrophages and dendritic cells. Also secreted by regulatory T cells

Question 20

Cytokines secreted by macrophages

Answer 20

IL-1
IL-6
IL8
IL-12
TNF-a

Question 21

Cytokine secreted by Th17

Answer 21

IL-17

IL-22

Question 22

Function of interleukin 17

Answer 22

Increase the production of chemokines and recruits neutrophils

Question 23

Function of interleukin 22

Answer 23

Stabilizes interactions between cells in the endothelium decreasing permeability

Question 24

Which interleukins induce secretion of antimicrobials by the endothelium?

Answer 24

IL-17 & IL-22

Question 25

T reg cells

Answer 25

Inhibit Th1 cell function
Identified by their constitutive expression of CD25 on the surface and by the expression of the transciption factor FoxP3
Secrete inflammation inhibiting cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-B

Question 26

Clinical presentations of mycobacterium leprae

Answer 26

Tuberculoid leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy

Question 27

Tuberculoid leprosy

Answer 27

Strong Th1 response, which erradicates the intracellular pathogens by granuloma formation
Slow disease progression

Question 28

Lepromatous leprosy

Answer 28

Th2 response
Cell-mediated response is depressed
Patients develop antibodies to the pathogen that are not protective, and the mycobacteria multiply inside macrophages

Question 29

Function of IL-2

Answer 29

Causes the proliferation of T cells

Question 30

Antigens B lymphcytes can encounter

Answer 30

Thymus-dependent

Thymus-independent

Question 31

Antibody that can be produces without T cell activation

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

What dictates the function of the antibodies?

Answer 32

Isotype