B Module 3&4 Flashcards
Lung surfactant
This is what allows the alveoli to remain inflated.
Measuring capacity or lungs
Peak flow meter- device measure rate at which air can be expelled from lungs
Vitalographs- more sophisticated produces a graph of amount of air they breath out and how quickly
Spirometer -measure different aspects of lung volume
Tidal volume
Volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs each breath
Vital capacity
Strongest exhalation followed by strongest inhale
Inspiratory reserve volume
Max air u can breath in over normal breath
Expiratory reserve volume
Is the air you can force out
Residual volume
Is air left in lungs
Toto lung capacity
Sum of vital capacity and residual volume
Formula for ventilation rate
Tidal volume * breathing rate
What happens when there is an increase in oxygen demand in insects
Lactic acid build up moves the tracheal fluid by osmosis which exposes more area for diffusion
How do insects increase efficiency?
Mechanical ventilation- air pumped in due to muscular pumping movement by abdomen.pressure etc.
Air sacs which act as air reservoirs inflated and deflated
Inhalation & exhalation in fish
The mouth is opened ,the floor of the bus Al cavity is lowered.This increases volume of by Al cavity.Pressure lowers water moves in.Opercular valve is shut and opercular cavity containing gills expands.This lowers the pressure in the operculum cavity,the floor the buccaneers cavity starts to move up increasing pressure so water moves from the buccaneers cavity over the gills.
Effeciency in fish
The tips of adjacent gill filaments overlap.This increases the reisistance to flow of water and slows down water movement.
Countercurrent system where blood and water flow in opposite direction keeping an oxygen concentration gradient.
