Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B&B > B&B4 > Flashcards

B&B4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is temporal resolution

A

temporal resolution refers to the discrete resolution of a measurement in respect to time, the lower the value the better the temporal resolution is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does optogenetics refer to

A

turning neurons on and off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 4 different causes of brain lesions

A
  • vascular
  • surgery
  • trauma
  • disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do vascular disorders affect the brain

A
  • strokes occur when the blood flow is disrupted
  • haemorrhages can also happen and leave sections of the brain destroyed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 2 ways in which blood supply can affect us

A
  • lack of blood
  • hemorrhagic stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does AD affect brain structure

A

white matter lesions (wiring of the brain) which impact the connections between neurons therefore affect behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what area of the brain do traumatic brain injuries affect

A

orbifrontal frontal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens when the blood flow is suddenly disrupted

A

cerebral vascular accidents or strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do tumours affect neurological symptoms

A

damage to the neural tissue
or
by producing abnormal pressure on spared cortex and cutting off its blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name examples of degenerative disorders

A
  • parkinsons
  • alzheimer
  • huntington
  • aids related dementia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in what way was Phineas Gage’s brain damaged

A

potential damage found (using MRI) to Bette link the sites of brain damage to changes in behaviour (personality and decision making)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is prosopagnosia

A
  • damage to temporal lobes
  • one type can distinguish faces well but cannot recognise them
  • the other type struggles to differentiate between faces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is achromatopsia

A
  • colour vision disturbed when lesions occur in the temporal lobe
  • overlap brain regions with prosopagnosia but not in the same place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe neglect (attention deficit)

A
  • patients ignore the left half of visual space but can detect targets if presented alone
  • this is interpreted as an attentional deficit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe GY case study

A
  • lesion to the primary visual cortex in the left hemisphere due to a road traffic accident
  • one hemisphere bashed into the other and at the midline, it caused a lesion known and the contra coup lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is homonymous hemianopia

A
  • damage to the LVC
  • you no longer see the right visual field
  • this is an example of a right sided homonymous hemianopia
17
Q

describe the term blindsight

A
  • ability to discriminate between visual stimuli that were not consciously acknowledges as present by the patient
  • patients cannot recognise objects but can distinguish between the objects they cannot recognise
18
Q

what does TMS do?

A

overcome some issues of lesion studies
- the TMS coil is held by the experimenter against the participant’s head and the TMS pulse directly alters the neural activity in a spherical volume of approx 1cm^3

19
Q

how does TMS disrupt visual processing

A
  • the TMS pulse is applied on some trials either just before or just after the letter is presented
  • the IV is the time between the TMS pulse and letter presentation
  • visual perception is markedly disrupted when the pulse occurs 80-120ms after the letter due to disruption of neural activity in the visual cortex
20
Q

describe experimental lesions

A
  • animal models and surgical lesions
  • they’re precise and done postmortem
  • can’t always generalise to humans and go against plasticity and reorganisation
21
Q

describe chemical lesions

A
  • animal models and neurotoxins
  • very precise but can’t be generalised to humans
22
Q

what are congenital visual deficits

A

remapping of visual cortex as a result
congenital vs acquired
- acquiring a retinal lesion in adulthood does not lead to reamapping that is found the lesions are present sp age doesn’t matter

23
Q

what is diffusion tensor imaging

A

captures the diffusion of water which is greater than axon - wiring of brain measured

24
Q

what is single association

A

lesion affects brain area x so patient can do task a but not b - x and b are associated

25
Q

which techniques have good temporal resolutions

A
  • eeg
  • erp
    -meg
  • pet
  • dis
    -sur
26
Q

which techniques are invasive

A
  • dbs
  • optogenetics
  • sur

B&B (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions