B-B-Bbenchmark test Flashcards
what cell has a nucleus
a eurkaryate
what is in the nucleus
RNA, DNA,nucleolus, and chromatin
what structures carry out spindle fibers
microtubules and microfilaments
what organelles break down compounds in to small particles cell can use
mitochondria
what is diffusion
occurs in molecules constantly moving from high to low concentration
what is a multicellular organism
cells with special obs
what is a heterotroph
something that does not mkae its own food
when ATP releases energy it
knocks offa phosphate group and becomes ADP
plants need what to grow
light
who proved plants need light to grow
priestley and ingenhousz
why are plants green
they are reflecting green and absorbing the other colors
wht is granum
structure of thylakoids
where does photosynthesis start
photosystem 2
wjat is the starting molecule for glycolysis
glucose
wine has to do with
alcoholic fermentation
muscle soreness is caused by
lactic acid
total break down of glucose makes
36 ATP
we can’t get energy from
alcoholic fermentation
cell gets bigger in size =
SA:V ratio smaller
three problems with big cells
DNA overload, obtaining enough food, and getting rid of waste
when do chromosomes appear
prophase of mitotis
what do cyclins do
proteins that control celly cycle
two main stages of cell division
mitosis and cytokinesis
contact with other cells stops
mitosis
during the cell cycle chromatin
condensed to form chromosomes
where does photosynthesis happen
stack and chips
with out oxygen you get __ ATP
2
the thin, flexible barrier aro;und a cell is the
cell membrane
the main function of a cell wall is to
support and protect cell
fuction of the nuclus
control cell’s processes
contains info needed to make proteins
function of cytoskelton
helps the cell keep its shape
organelle found in citoplasm
ribosomes
organelle in plnat cell
chloroplast
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmosis
a group of similar cells that perform a particular function f
tissue
eukaryotes contain structures that act as if they are speciialized organs
organelles
not apart of the ATP molecule
chlorophyll
photosythenis uses sunlight to convert water anf CO2 into
oxygen and high energy sugars
plants gather the sun’s energy woth ligh absorbing molecules called
pigments
what is stroma
area surrounding thylakoids
light-depentdent reactions
in the thyakoid
calvin cycle or the
dark reaction
product of calvin cycle
high enegry sugars
