B

Question 1

Backward masking/masking

Answer 1

An effect, often seen in perception experiments, in which a mask or pattern presented very shortly after a stimulus and disrupts or even prevents the perception of the earlier stimulus.

Question 2

Behaviourism

Answer 2

The movement or school of psychology in which the organisms observable behaviour was the primary topic of interest, and the learning of new stimulus-response associations, whether by classical conditioning or by reinforcement principles, was deemed the most important kind of behaviour to study.

Question 3

Beliefs

Answer 3

The fifty level of analysis of language, according to Miller, in which the listener’s attitudes and beliefs about he speaker influence what is comprehended and remembered.

Question 4

Benefit/facilitation

Answer 4

Any positive or advantageous effect on processing, usually because of prior presentation of related information; in RT research, a speedup of RT due to related information.

Question 5

Beta movement

Answer 5

Illusory movement that occurs when two or more pictures are viewed in rapid succession, as in a movie.

Question 6

Bottom up processing/data driven processing

Answer 6

When mental processing of a stimulus is guided largely or exclusively by the features and elements in the pattern itself, this processing is described as being data-driven.

Question 7

Boundary extension

Answer 7

The finding that people tend to misremember more of a scene than was actually viewed, as if the boundaries of an image extended further out.

Question 8

Bridging inference

Answer 8

Clark’s (1977) term for the mental processes of reference, implication and inference during language comprehension. Metaphorically, a bridge must be drawn from ‘he’ back to ‘Gary’ to comprehend the sentence ‘Gary pretended he wasn’t interested’.

Question 9

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 9

A form of aphasia characterised by severe difficulties in producing spoken speech; that is, the speech is hesitant, effortful, and distorted phonemically (contrast with Wrnicke’s aphasia). The aphasia is caused by damage in Broca’s area, a region of the cortex net to the major motor control centre.

Question 10

Brown-Peterson Task

Answer 10

A short-term memory task showing forgetting caused by proactive interference.