B 2 Flashcards
Why might the classification system change?
- new species may be discovered
- new information about certain species may be discovered
What the five kingdoms in classification?
- Protista
- Monera
- Fungi
- Plants
- animals
What is a hybrid?
The infertile offspring of two different species
What are the stages of classification?
- Kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
What is artificial classification?
- based on observed characteristics
What is natural classification?
- uses natural relationships between organisms
- based on evidence
What are Arthropods
- have limbs with joints
- invertebrates
What are the four classes within Arthropods?
- Crustation
- insect
- Aracnid
- Myriapod
What are the producers on a food chain?
Green plants because they produce biomass during photosynthesis
What are consumers on a food chain?
Organisms which eat other organisms
What does the length of a food chain depend on?
The efficiency of energy transfer
How can you calculate energy efficiency?
Energy efficiency =
Energy in biomass / total energy intake X 100
What do pyramids of numbers show?
The number of organisms at each stage of a food chain
What do pyramids of biomass show?
The dry weight of each organism in a food chain
What do Nitrogen- fixing bacteria do?
- Convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in soil
What do Nitrifying bacteria do?
Convert ammonium compounds into nitrates in soil
What do denitrifying Bactria do?
Convert nitrates and ammonium compounds into atmospheric nitrogen
How do animals adapt to cold environments?
- being well insulated
- having small surface area to volume ratio
- hibernation and migration
How are polar bears adapted?
- small ears
- lots of blubber
- thick white fur
- large feet
- fur on soles of paws
- powerful legs
How are cacti adapted?
- long roots to reach water
- thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
- spines to protect from predators
How are camels adapted?
- body fat in hump
- extra water stored in blood
- tolerates temperature change
- hair lined nostrils trap in moisture
What are extremophiles?
Organisms that can survive in extreme conditions
Have enzymes that work at different optimum conditions
What does it mean if an organism is a specialist?
Only suited to certain environment
What does of mean if an orgNism is a generalist?
Can survive in a range of habitats
How are predators adapted?
- built for quick bursts of speed .- camouflaged - sharp teeth and claws - binocular vision - hunting strategy - few young
How are prey adapted?
- built for speed
- well camouflaged
- live in groups
- monocular vision
- have many young
- use mimicry.
What is meant by carbon footprint?
The amount of greenhouse gases a person or event is reconcile for over a certain length of time.
What is ozone?
A natural gas found high up in the Earth’s atmosphere
It prevents too many harmful UV rays from reaching the Earth
What causes acid rain?
Burning fossil fuels which release acid gases like sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxide, they dissolve in rainwater to make acid rain
What damage can acid rain cause?
- metals corroding
- dissolving of rocks and statues
- destruction of Forests
- lakes becoming acidic, killing fish and other wildlife
Describe the greenhouse effect?
1- heat energy from the sun is reflected from the earths surfaces back out towards space
2- when it reaches the atmosphere, some rays pass through, but others are trapped in by the carbon dioxide layer. These trapped rays keep the Earth warmer tha bit would otherwise be
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using indicator species to detect pollution?
Advantages:
- reliable
- good indicators of long term effects
- easy to identify
- cheap
- has minimal impact on other organisms
Disadvantages:
- seasonal variations
- May be killed is pollution is too high
- May become diseased and die
- may leave the area
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using non- living methods to detect pollution?
Advantages:
- can identify source of pollution
- gives quantitive data which can be compared with other locations or time periods
Disadvantage:
- expensive as special equipment and chemicals needed
- more people involved
What is a sustainable resource?
A resource that can be used and replaced so it isn’t exhausted
What is the aim of sustainable development?
- providing for the needs of the population, without harming the environment
What makes sustainable development challenging?
- When the population increases, so does the demand for resources.
- sometimes the quickest and cheapest way to meet the demand isn’t always the most sustainable
What can challenge the survival of a species?
- climate change
- destruction of habitat
- hunting
- increased competition
- pollutants
How can endangered species be protected?
- educating people
- breeding in captivity
- protecting habitats
- creating artificial ecosystems
- legally protecting
- banning hunting
What do conservation programmes work to do?
- protect human food supply by maintaining variation
- stabilising ecosystems
- studying plants for possible medical use
- protecting the culture of indigenous people
What are the main causes of whale deaths?
- being tangled in fishing nets and drowning
- pollutants in the sea
- colliding with ships
- climate change on food sources
- hunting and culling
How is money made from whales?
- big tourist attraction
- used for food, oil and in cosmetics
What do scientists still need to know about whales?
- how they communicate over large distances
- how they migrate
- how they dive and survive extreme depths
