B 1.2 Proteins Flashcards
amino acids have what central atom?
carbon
what other 4 atoms or groups are linked to amino acids?
hydrogen atom, amine group, carboxyl group, R-group
Is the R-group the same in every amino acid?
No, each of the 20 amino acids in proteins has a different R group
a peptide is
an unbranched chain of amino acids
if there are 2-10 Amino acids in a chain it is
a oligopeptide
if there are more than 20 amino acids it is
a polypeptide
the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is coded for by a
gene
amino acids are linked together by
condensation reactions
the bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the next is a
peptide bond
a molecule consisting of two amino acids linked together is
a dipeptide
polypeptides consist of
many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
an essential amino acid is
one that cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities in a animal so it must be obtained from diet
a non essential amino acid is
when animals can use metabolic pathways to convert some amino acids into others
animal based foods that supply amino acids
fish, meat,milk, eggs
denaturation of proteins is caused by
changes to heat or pH
changes in heat causes denaturation in proteins because
it causes vibrations within protein molecules that break intramolecular bonds and cause the confirmation of the protein to change
changes in pH causes denaturation in proteins because
it causes intramolecular bonds to break within the protein
R-groups of the amino acid determine
the properties of proteins due to their diverse chemical nature
Tertiary structure is
the three-dimensional conformation of a polypeptide
tertiary structure is formed when
a polypeptide folds up after being prodcued by translation
fibrous proteins
have unfolded polypeptides, they are narrow and elongated
globular proteins
have folded polypeptides and therefore a rounded shape
collagen is a fibrous protein that is released where
tensile strength is needed in skin,bones, tendons, and ligaments
insulin is a globular protein that functions as a
hormone
