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Microsoft Azure Fundamentals > Azure Compute and Networking Services > Flashcards

Azure Compute and Networking Services Flashcards

1
Q

What are the technical service pillars of Azure?

A
  • compute services
  • Networking services
  • Storage services
  • Database services
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2
Q

What are Compute Services?

A
  • the desire is to execute a type of code in the cloud
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3
Q

What Compute types exist in Azure?

A
  • Virtual Machines (VM)
  • VM Scale Sets (VMSS)
  • App Services (Web apps)
  • Azure Container Instances (ACI)
  • Azure Container Apps
  • Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)
  • Azure Virtual Desktop
  • about a dozen in total
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4
Q

What are Virtual Machines in Azure?

A
  • single physical machine subdivided into slices and you get to rent a slice of it
  • virtual machine
  • Infrastructure as a Service
  • full control over it, as if it were your machine
  • Windows or Linux OS
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5
Q

How many options exist for Virtual Machine Types?

A
  • over 700 to choose from
  • number of CPU cores, CPU speed, RAM size, temporary disk size, IOPS, etc
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6
Q

How do you scale Azure VMs?

A
  • increase the size of a vm, 4 to 8 vCPU, up to 64 vCPUs or higher (scale up)
  • add more VMs and have them work together to handle the work (scale out)
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7
Q

What is a Virtual Machine Scale Set (VMSS) and what does it do?

A
  • group of virtual machines that can grow and shrink in quantity based on predefined rule
  • Elasticity
  • two or more virtual machines running the exact same code
  • can handle up to 100 VMs in a single scale set
  • can scale up to 1000 VMs
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8
Q

How do VMSS decide when to scale up/down/out/in?

A
  • usually based on monitoring demand
  • can be based on time (schedule)
  • can be based on many other factors
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9
Q

What are Availability Sets? When are they used?

A
  • only applicable to multiple Virtual Machines that have an identical function
  • you want to signal Azure to keep them seperated from each other
  • Fault isolation:
  • > if something bad were to happen it should only happen to one machine
  • > puts them on seperate fault domains and seperate update domains
    -> update one at a time, not all together
    -> keeps them physically seperate to provide reliability/availability
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10
Q

What are fault domains?

A
  • is some type of outage
  • could be a power or network outage that is going to affect a group of computers/ a reck with 300 VMs
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11
Q

What are update domains?

A
  • planned outtages
  • beside this, like fault domain
  • ## when a new version of the platform is rolled out, not all are rollout out at once, first update domain 1, then 2, …
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12
Q

What are Proximity Groups?

A
  • opposite of Availability Sets
  • multiple VMs with identical function
  • arranged in Virtual Machine Scale Set
  • you want them placed together
  • trade-off: less availability for more performance
  • fastest inter-server communication
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13
Q

What are App Services (Web Apps)?

A
  • new paradigm for running code in cloud / cloud native
  • give code and configuration to Azure and they will run it
  • promise of performance but no access to hardware
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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14
Q

What are Container Services?

A
  • containers contain everything the apps needs to run in a “container image”
  • fastest and easiest to deploy
  • Azure Container Instance (ACI) - single instance, quickest way to deploy a container
  • Azure Container Apps - easy to use like a web service, with advanced features
  • Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) - runs on a cluster of servers, enterprise-grade
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15
Q

What is Azure Virtual Desktop

A
  • desktop version of windows that runs in the cloud
  • your software installed, your files available from everywhere
  • can even see your desktop on iOS and Android or from any other web browser
  • Runs on azure
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16
Q

What are Azure Functions?

A
  • small pieces of code that run entirely in the cloud
  • usually Utility functions - does something specific in a finite amount of time
  • triggered by something happening (HTTP call, timer, blob creation, message queue, …)
  • very inexpensive (free tier - one million executions per month free)
  • can support more complicated design (durable functions, long-running functions, premium or dedicated hosting options)
17
Q

Describe an example for an Azure function

A
  • small piece of code that runs every day at 12am and summarizes yesterday’s data
  • small piece of code that checks a blob container for new files and does something every time it find a new one
  • a small piece of code that runs every 6 hours and retrieves the latest weather forecast from a publicly accessible weather API
18
Q

How does Azure deal with Networking?

A
  • called Virtual Networks, VNets
  • by default, two VMs in Azure are not allowed to talk to each other
  • Virtual networks can be used to set up connectivity between VMs
  • Infrastructure as a Service
  • have an analogue to physical networks
  • effectively a database entry in a table that established the path between VM A and VM B
19
Q

Describe VNets

A
  • at creation assigned an address space of either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses or both
  • these are private addresses, which cannot be accessed from outside of Azure or other networks inside Azure
  • a signle VNet is usually assigned a large quantity of address space to support potential future growth
  • there is no shortage of private IP addresses
20
Q

What are Subnets?

A
  • VNets are subdevided into one or more subnets
  • subnet is assigned a range of IP addresses which must exist in the address space of the parent VNet
  • usually there is a security layer between subnets, traffic must match a predefined rule set to pass
21
Q

How do VMs interact with VNets?

A
  • all VMs must belong to at least one subnet, using a Network Interface Card (NIC)
  • some VMs have more than one NIC and can connect to more than one subnet
  • VMs can optionally be assigned public IP, which makes it eligible to be accesses from outside Azure (subnet to security/firewalls)
22
Q

What are Network Security Groups? What are rules based on?

A
  • also called NSG
  • an access control list (ACL) that blocks traffic inbound and outbound from a subnet unless it matches certain rules
  • rules are based on source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port and protocol (5-tuple match)
23
Q

How do NSGs work?

A
  • can allow communication between different subnets on the same network through adding specific NSG rules
  • no traffic passed the NSG filter unless an “ALLOW” rule matches
  • “Deny” rules also exist
  • rules have priorities and the highest priority rule that matches is the one that applies
24
Q

How can you enable one virtual machine to talk to another virtual machine on a completely different network?

A
  • can’t be done using NSGs
  • one solution is called Peering
  • you can set up a Peering relationship between two subnets on different networks
  • this allows communication between vms on both networks
  • one requirement: cannot have conflicting IP addresses
25
Q

What is understood unter Azure DNS?

A
  • DNS stands for Domain Name System
  • you can give your IP addresses names using DNS
  • DNS only applies internally to Azure to applied Networks
26
Q

What is the Azure VPN Gateway?

A
  • VPN = Virtual Private Network
  • allows communication between a workstation and a network or between two networks
  • encrypts traffic between those two points
27
Q

What is important about the inside/outside of Azure in regards to VPNs?

A
  • from outside of Azure, VPNs require a physical device to be installed
  • Inside of Azure, you can install a VPN Gateway as a virtual device on your network
  • VPN Gateway requires its own subnet
28
Q

What is P2S in relation to VPN?

A
  • “Point to Site”
  • desktop computer is “point” and companys network is “site”
29
Q

How can two networks be connected through VPN devices?

A
  • through VPN Peering
  • “Site to Site” VPN -> S2S
  • can connect an entire office of computers to an Azure subnet
  • or two offices together
30
Q

What is ExpressRoute in Azure?

A
  • like a VPN but faster
  • private connection from your Internet Service Provider to Azures Internet Service Provider
  • bypasses public internet

Microsoft Azure Fundamentals (13 decks)

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