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SF 1- Exam 1 > Axilla Script > Flashcards

Axilla Script Flashcards

1
Q

The brachial plexus forms in the _________ and extends into the __________

A

Neck; axilla

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2
Q

Why are lymph nodes important in a discussion about axilla?

A

Because all the lymph nodes of the upper limb, except for a few lymph nodes located above the elbow, are clusetered in the axilla

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3
Q

The anterior fold of the axilla is called the ___________ and _____________ muscle makes up most of its muscular mass.

A

anterior axillary fold; Pectoralis major

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4
Q

The posterior fold of the axilla is called the _____________ and the ___________ and _________ muscles comprise most of its muscular mass.

A

Posterior axillary fold

Latissumus dorsi and teres major

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5
Q

Origin of the axillary artery

A

Subclavian artery

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6
Q

Pathway of the axillary artery

A

Travels distally from posterior border of the first rib to inferior border of the teres major muscle

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7
Q

Branches of the axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic

Thoracromial

Larteral thoracic

Subscapular

Anterior circumflex humeral

Posterior circumflex humeral

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8
Q

Largest artery in the arm

A

Brachial artery

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9
Q

The subscapular artery anastomoses with what blood supply to form an extensive arterial netweork around the scapula.

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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10
Q

The lateral thoracic artery provides blood to which muscles?

A

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis major and minor

Subscapularis

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11
Q

The ____________artery is the chief source of blood supply to the tissues in the lateral half of the breast.

A

Lateral thoracic artery

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12
Q

Chief source of blood supply to the head of the humerus

A

The anterior circumflex humeral artery

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13
Q

What is the course of the axillary nerve? What is it’s origin?

A

Superiory, from inferior border of teres major to external border of the first rib

Brachial veins

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

The axillary vein begins at th union of the __________ with the brachial veins.

A

Basilic vein

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16
Q

The __________ vein is the major superficial vein on the medial side of the arm.

A

Basilic

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17
Q

The __________ vein is the major superficial vein on the lateral side of the arm.

A

Cephalic

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18
Q

How do roots of spinal nerve differ from rami of a spinal nerve?

A

whereas the roots of a spinal nerve lie within the spine, the rami of a spinal nerve lie outside the spine. Because the roots of the brachial plexus lie outside the spine, they represent the anterior rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1.

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19
Q

Which nerves come from the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve and the long thoracic nerve

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20
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve transmits nerve fibers from _________ only and innervates three shoulder muscles: _______, ___________, and _____________.

A

C5

Levator scapulae

Rhombiod Major

Rhomboid minor

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21
Q

Which muscle is the chief protractor of the shoulder?

A

Serratus anterior

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22
Q

Which nerve fibers does the long thoracic nerve transmit? What muscle does it innervate?

A

c5, c6, and c7

Serratus anterior

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23
Q

Which two nerves arise from trunks? Which trunk?

A

Suprascapular nerve and nerve to the subclavis

Upper Trunk

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24
Q

The suprascapular nerve transmits nerve fibers from ________ and ________ only and innervates two of the rotator cuff muscles: _____________ and _____________.

A

C5; C6

supraspinatus; infraspinatus

25
Q

Do nerves arise from the divisions?

A

No

26
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus are named in relationship to what structure?

A

The axillary artery

27
Q
A
28
Q

The axillary nerve transmits nerve fibers from _______ and _____ only and innervates muscles: _______ and ____________.

A

C5; C6; teres minor; deltoid

29
Q

Which muscle(s) does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps branchii and all muscles in the posterior part of the forearm

30
Q

The_____________ nerve alone innervates teres major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

31
Q

Which nerves originate from the posterior cord?

A

Radial nerve

Axillary nerve

Upper subscapular

Lower subscapular

Thoracodorsal

32
Q

Which nerves innervate the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapularis nerves

33
Q

The upper and lower subscapularis nerves each transmit nerve fibers from _____ and ______ only.

A

C5; C6

34
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve is also known as ___________ and innervates the _________ muscle.

A

Middle subscapular nerve; latissimus dorsi

35
Q

From which divisions is the lateral cord formed?

A

The lateral cord is formed from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks of the brachial plexus

36
Q

Which nerves originate from the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous

Lateral branch of the medial nerve

Lateral pectoral nerve

37
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve transmirs nerve fibers chiefly from _______ and _________ and innervates ___________

A

C5; C6; all the muscles in the anterior part of the arm

38
Q

The pectoralis major is innervated by __________. What about the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Lateral pectoral and medial pectoral nerves

Only medial pectoral nerve

39
Q

Which divisions form the medial cord?

A

Just the anterior division of the lower trunk

40
Q

The medial cord transmits nerve fibers from ______ and _______ only.

A

C8; T1

41
Q

Which nerves originate from the medial cord?

A

Medial branch of the median nerve

Medial pectoral nerve

Ulnar nerve

Medial brachial cutaneous

Medial cutaneous

42
Q

Role of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm

A

Provide sensory innervation to the skin on the medial sides of the arm and forearm

43
Q

What are the 6 distinct groups of axillary lymph nodes?

A

Anterior

Posterior

Lateral

Central

Infraclavicular

Apical groups

44
Q

Characteristics of the anterior group of axillary lymph nodes

A

Lying along the lower border of the pectoralis minor behind the pectoralis major, these nodes receive lymph vessels from the lateral quadrants of the breast and superficial vessels from the anterolateral abdominal wall above the level of the umbilicus.

45
Q

Characteristics of the posterior group of axillary lymph nodes

A

Lying in front of the subscapularis muscle, these nodes receive superficial lymph vessels from the back, down as far as the level of the iliac crests.

46
Q

Characteristics of the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes

A

Lying along the medial side of the axillary vein, these nodes receive most of the lymph vessels of the upper limb (except those superficial vessels draining the lateral side)

47
Q

Characteristics of the central group of axillary lymph nodes

A

Lying in the center of the axilla in the axillary fat, these nodes receive lymph from the Anterior, posterior and lateral groups

48
Q

Characteristics of the infraclavicular group of axillary lymph nodes

A

These nodes are not strictly axillary nodes because they are located outside the axilla. They lie in the groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and receive superficial lymph vessels from the lateral side of the hand, forearm, and arm.

49
Q

Characteristics of the apical group of axillary lymph nodes

A

Lying at the apex of the axilla at the lateral border of the 1st rib, these nodes receive the efferent lymph vessels from all the other axillary nodes.

50
Q

The anterior group of axillary lymph nodes can be palpated against the posterior surface of the ___________. These nodes drain superficial tissues of the anterolateral region of the trunk of the body, down to the level of the __________. This drainage includes the ______________ gland tissues in the lateral half of the breast.

A

anterior axillary fold; umbilicus; mammary

51
Q

If a malignancy arises in the lateral half of the breast and malignant cells spread via lymphatic vessels to axillary lymph nodes, the _____________group is most likely the first group of axillary lymph nodes to receive the malignant cells.. Which group is likely the second group?

A

anterior; central

52
Q

The posterior group of axillary lymph nodes can be palpated against the anterior surface of the_____________. These nodes drain superficial tissues of the posterior region of the trunk of the body, down to the level of the _________

A

posterior axillary fold; iliac crest.

53
Q

The lateral group of axillary lymph nodes can be palpated against the upper part of the ___________. These nodes drain deep tissues of the hand, forearm, and arm and superficial tissues on the __________side of the upper limb.

A

shaft of the humerus; medial

54
Q

The infraclavicular group of axillary lymph nodes can be palpated in the ___________

A

deltopectoral triangle.

55
Q

Which axillary lymph node group drains lympathic vessels on the lateral side of the upper limb?

A

Infraclavicular group

56
Q

Which group of the axillary lymph nodes cannot be palpated?

A

The apical group

57
Q

Each lobe of the mammary gland is drained by a ___________

A

lactiferous duct.

58
Q

Cooper’s ligaments

A

bands of tough, fibrous, flexible connective tissue that shape and support your breasts.

59
Q

Sentinel lymphadenectomy

A

used to assess whether tumor cells have spread via lymphatic vessels to axillary lymph nodes.

is based upon the presumption that the lymph drained from every microscopic region within the breast is first filtered almost exclusively by just one lymph node.

SF 1- Exam 1 (10 decks)

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