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Polymer Chemistry > Axilla and Breast > Flashcards

Axilla and Breast Flashcards

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1
Q

The _____ is essentially the region that we think of as the deep compartment of the armpit

A

axilla

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2
Q

It is a complex region located inferior to the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint), at the junction of the arm and the thorax

A

Axilla

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3
Q

The is an important passageway for neurovascular structures to the upper limb.

A

axilla

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4
Q

It is a “pyramid-shaped” space that invested in layers of fascia. Some of these fascial layers are also continuous with the thorax and upper limb.

A

Axilla

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5
Q

The ____ of the pectoral region consists of superficial and deep layers that define borders, invest muscles, and create potential spaces.

A

fascia

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6
Q

The ___ fascia of axilla: Subcutaneous; fatty

A

Superficial fascia

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7
Q

The ___ fascia of axilla: Compartmentalizing; Surrounds muscles; Attaches to bone in most cases

A

Deep fascia

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8
Q

Skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue; Platysma muscle–Muscle over lower mandible, neck and upper thoracic/shoulder region; a very superficial skeletal muscle that is mostly subcutaneous; Supraclavicular nerves (cutaneous branches from C3 & C4 cervical spinal nerves); Anterior & lateral branches of intercostal nerves (come up through deeper layers of fascia to subcutaneous layers) are all covered by ___ fascia

A

Superficial fascia

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9
Q

Muscle over lower mandible, neck and upper thoracic/shoulder region; a very superficial skeletal muscle that is mostly subcutaneous

A

Platysma muscle

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10
Q

____ fascia (attaches to clavicle and sternum; invests pectoralis major muscle; continuous with fascia of anterior abdominal wall)

A

Pectoral fascia

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11
Q

____ fascia (forms floor of axilla)

A

Axillary fascia

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12
Q

___ fascia (deep to pectoralis major muscle)–Invests subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles–Costocoracoid membrane connects subclavius to pectoralis minor–attaches to clavicle –Becomes suspensory ligament of axilla

A

Clavipectoral fascia

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13
Q

____ connects subclavius to pectoralis minor

A

Costocoracoid membrane

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14
Q

____ fascia (surface of deltoid muscle)–Attaches to clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula–Continuous with pectoralis fascia–Compartmentalizes scapular muscles

A

Deltoid fascia

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15
Q

What fascias make up the deep fascia of pectoral region?

A

Pectoral, axillary, clavipectoral, and deltoid

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16
Q

____ Allows passage of neurovascular structures between axilla and pectoral region

A

Clavipectoral triangle

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17
Q

Borders of _____ are deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle

A

Clavipectoral triangle

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18
Q

Contents of ____ include cephalic vein, deltopectoral lymph nodes, deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a. (from axillary a.)

A

Clavipectoral triangle

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19
Q

The ___ of the axilla includes the clavicle, scapula, and 1st rib

A

Apex of axilla

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20
Q

The apex contains that ____. This space is the passageway for neurovascular structures (axillary vessels and brachial plexus components) from the neck to the upper limb

A

cervicoaxillary canal

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21
Q

The ____ of the axilla includes Skin & superficial fascia (axillary fossa; aka armpit)•Anterior axillary fold•pectoralis major muscle•Posterior axillary fold•latissimus dorsi muscle•teres major muscle•Chest wall•serratus anterior muscle

A

base of axilla

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22
Q

The ____ of the axilla includes Clavicle (superior)•Subclavius muscle (superior)•Pectoralis major muscle•Pectoralis minor muscle

A

Anterior wall of axilla

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23
Q

The ____ of the axilla includes Scapula•Subscapularis muscle•Latissimus dorsi muscle•Teres major muscle

A

Posterior wall of axilla

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24
Q

The ____ of the axilla includes intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)•tendon of long head of biceps•coracobrachialis tendon

A

Lateral Wall of axilla

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25
Q

____ is an extension of the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia into the cervicoaxillary canal (apex) of the axilla.

A

axillary sheath

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26
Q

The vascular contents of the axillary sheath include _____

A

axillary artery and vein

27
Q

The neurological contents of the axillary sheath include

A

cords of brachial plexus

28
Q

The lymphatic contents of the axillary sheath include

A

axillary lymph nodes

29
Q

_____ artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery and it has tributaries that provide blood to the shoulder, thorax, and axillary region.It continues into the arm as the brachial artery.

A

axillary artery

30
Q

The ____ vein is formed by the coming together of the brachial vein(s) and the basilic vein*

A

axillary vein

31
Q

The axillary vein becomes the ___ vein which becomes the ____ vein

A

cephalic vein; subclavian vein

32
Q

_____ is a network of spinal nerves C5-T1 that emerge from the neck and travel into the axilla

A

brachial plexus

33
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are within the ________

A

axillary sheath

34
Q

The _____ provides innervation to the shoulder, pectoral region, scapular region and upper limb

A

brachial plexus

35
Q

_____ Lymph nodes in axilla region (3-5) Medial wall of axilla; Cluster around lateral thoracic vein

A

Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes

36
Q

_____ Lymph nodes in axilla region (6-7)*•Posterior axillary fold•Cluster around subscaplular vessels

A

Subscapular (posterior) lymph nodes

37
Q

_____ Lymph nodes in axilla region (4-6)•Lateral wall of axilla•Near axillary vein

A

Humeral (lateral) lymph nodes

38
Q

_____ Lymph nodes in axilla region (3-4)•Base of axilla•near axillary vein

A

Central (center/base) lymph nodes

39
Q

_____ Lymph nodes in axilla region •Apex (cervicoaxillary canal)•Near axillary vein

A

Apical (apex) lymph nodes

40
Q

_____ are bilateral glandular structures found in both males and females

A

breasts

41
Q

Cutaneous structure; rests on pectoral fascia; modified sweat gland

A

Breast

42
Q

____ space is potential space between breast and pectoral fascia

A

Retromammary space

43
Q

Breasts are supplied blood by tributaries of ___ and ___ arteries

A

subclavian and axillary

44
Q

Breasts are innervated by ____ nerves

A

intercostal nerves

45
Q

The breasts Attaches to dermis of overlying skin via

A

suspensory ligaments (aka Cooper’s Ligaments)

46
Q

The nipple is surrounded by a pigmented ____

A

areola

47
Q

______ lobules converge on the nipple

A

Mammary gland

48
Q

Lactiferous ducts drain into _____ which open at nipple

A

lactiferous sinuses

49
Q

Breasts are mainly innervated from the anterior and lateral branches of the ______ nerves

A

4th–6th intercostal nerves

50
Q

Breasts may receive some innervation from what other nerve along with other intercostals?

A

Supraclavicular nerve

51
Q

What are the branches that supply the breasts from axillary and subclavian?

A

Lateral mammary and Medial Mammary branches

52
Q

The medial mammary branches to the breast come off of the _____ artery from the ____ artery

A

internal thoracic artery; subclavian

53
Q

The lateral mammary branches to the breast come off of the _____ artery from the ____ artery

A

lateral thoracic artery; axillary

54
Q

Most of venous drainage of breast is to ____ vein through ____ veins and _____ veins through ____ veins

A

axillary vein through lateral thoracic veins; medial mammary veins through internal thoracic veins

55
Q

_______ lymph nodes drain the nipple, areola, and lactiferous lobules

A

subareolar lymph nodes

56
Q

More than 75% of lymph from the breast drains via ____ lymph nodes

A

axillary lymph nodes

57
Q

Accessory nipple

A

polythelia

58
Q

Accessory breast tissue

A

polymastia

59
Q

______ cells from breast tissue can also spread via parasternal lymph node communication with internal thoracic (internal mammary) veins, which drain to intercostal veins.

A

Metastatic cancer cells

60
Q

Cancer may cause ______ (excess subcutaneous fluid) by blocking flow of lymph, leading to “dimpling” of the skin of the breast

A

lymphedema

61
Q

Most metastasis of breast cancer is to ____ lymph nodes

A

axillary lymph nodes

62
Q

Invasion of _____ and ______ will cause the breast to elevate when pectoral muscles contract, a clinical sign of advanced cancer

A

retromammary space and pectoral fascia

63
Q

These eventually drain to the _____ system in the posterior thorax and provide the route by which cancers of the breast can spread to thoracic and skeletal structures.

A

azygos venous system

64
Q

Involvement of _______ plexus also provides a route for cancer cells to spread to the brain and cranium

A

vertebral venous plexus

Polymer Chemistry (5 decks)

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