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Block 12- MSK + Nervous System > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the anterior border of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor.

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2
Q

What structures form the medial border of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior + thoracic wall.

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3
Q

What structures form the posterior border of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis, teres minor + latissimus dorsi.

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4
Q

What structures form the apex of the axilla?

A

Superior margin of scapula.
Clavicle.
First rib.

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5
Q

State the contents of the axilla.

A 
Axillary vessels (axillary artery + vein). 
Axillary lymphatics (drain upper limb + breast). 
Brachial plexus.
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6
Q

What are the lymph node groups of the axillary lymphatics?

A 
Lateral. 
Subscapula (posterior). 
Pectoral. 
Central. 
Apical.
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7
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves:

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1.

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8
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, middle, inferior.

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9
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior trunk splits into anterior and posterior divisions.
Middle trunk splits into anterior and posterior divisions.
Inferior trunk splits into anterior and posterior divisions.

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10
Q

Name the cords of the brachial plexus.

A

Lateral (anterior division of superior + middle trunks), medial (anterior division of inferior trunk), posterior (posterior divisions of superior, middle and inferior trunks).

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11
Q

Name the major terminal branches of the brachial plexus + state where they arise from.

A

Musculocutaneous (arises from lateral cord).
Median (arises from lateral and medial cords).
Ulnar (arises from medial cord).
Radial (arises from posterior cord).
Axillary (arises from posterior cord).

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12
Q

Finish the sentence:

The dorsal root of the spinal cord is…

A

Sensory fibres.

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13
Q

Finish the sentence:

The ventral root of the spinal cord is…

A

Motor fibres.

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14
Q

Posterior nerves supply which types of muscles?

A

Extensors and abductors.

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15
Q

Ventral nerves supply which type of muscles?

A

Flexors and adductors.

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16
Q

Describe the sensory and muscular innervation of musculocutaneous nerve.

A

S: Anterolateral forearm.
M: Ventral compartment flexors of upper arm (brachilais, biceps brachia, coracobrachialis).

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17
Q

Describe the sensory and muscular innervation of median nerve.

A

S: Lateral 2/3rds of hand.
M: Ventral compartment- flexors of forearm + few muscles of hand (radial side).

18
Q

Describe the sensory and muscular innervation of ulnar nerve.

A

S: Medial 1/3rds of hand.
M: Ventral compartment- flexors of forearm + hand (ulnar side).

19
Q

Describe the sensory and muscular innervation of radial nerve.

A

S: Posterior aspect of lateral forearm + wrist, posterior arm.
M: Dorsal compartments- extensors. All back of arm- triceps, extensors, abductors.

20
Q

Describe the sensory and muscular innervation of axillary nerve.

A

S: Lateral portion of shoulder + upper arm.
M: Deltoid.

21
Q

Describe the cutaneous ulnar nerve innvervation of the hand.

A

Superior portion of little finger on palmer + dorsal side of hand is exclusive to ulnar nerve.

On palmer surface + dorsal aspect of hand: little finger + half of ring finger.

22
Q

Describe the cutaneous radial nerve innvervation of the hand.

A

Dorsal aspect of hand: thumb + bottom half of index and middle finger + on palmer side, lateral aspect of thumb.

23
Q

Describe the cutaneous median nerve innvervation of the hand.

A

Superior portion of index and middle finger on both palmer + dorsal aspect of hand is exclusive to median nerve.

Palmer aspect of hand: thumb, index, middle and half of ring finger.

Dorsal aspect: top half of index, middle + half index, middle and ring finger.

24
Q

How would a radial nerve injury manifest itself?

A

Describe the cutaneous ulnar innervation of the hand.

Loss of sensation over dorsal web between thumb + index finger.

25
Q

How would an ulnar nerve injury manifest itself?

A

Ulnar claw: inability to extend 4th + 5th digits.

Loss of sensation over medial aspect of the palm, little finger and middle of ring finger.

26
Q

How would an median nerve injury manifest itself?

A

Hand of Benediction when patient attempts to make a fist.

Loss of sensation over palm, thumb, index and middle finger.

27
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin (sensory) supplied by a single spinal nerve and its dorsal root ganglion.

28
Q

What is Erbs Palsy and what are the consequences of it?

A

Brachial plexus is stretched due to traction on delivery.

Specifically tears C5- affects upper myotomes + dermatomes.

Effects: inability to abduct shoulder and arm remains pronated (hand tilted backwards).

29
Q

What is Klumpke’s paresis and what are the consequences of it?

A

Tear to T1 which affects lower myotomes and dermatomes.

Paralysis of intrinsic muscles of hand- claw hand.

Numbness of C8-T1.

30
Q

What nerve innervates intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

T1.

31
Q

What nerves allow flexion of the fingers + thumb.

A

C7, C8.

32
Q

What nerves allow extension of the fingers + thumb.

A

C7, C8.

33
Q

What nerves allow flexion of the wrist?

A

C6, C7.

34
Q

What nerves allow extension of the wrist?

A

C6, C7.

35
Q

What nerve enables pronation of the forearm?

A

C6.

36
Q

What nerve enables supination of forearm?

A

C6.

37
Q

What nerves enable flexion of the elbow?

A

C5, C6.

38
Q

What nerves allow extension of the elbow?

A

C7, C8.

39
Q

What nerve enables the shoulder to abduct +laterally rotate?

A

C5.

40
Q

What nerves enable the shoulder to abduct and medially rotate?

A

C6, C7, C8.

Block 12- MSK + Nervous System (2 decks)

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