AXILLA Flashcards
LIST THE PARTS OF AXILLA WALL
-ACROMION PROCESS
-CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA
-CLAVICLE
-CLEVIPECTORAL TRIANGLLE
NAME THE BORDERS OF THE AXILLARY INLET
ANTERIOR: Posterior surface of clavicle
POSTERIOR: Superior border of scapula
MEDIAL: Lateral surface of RIB 1
APEX: Coracoid process of scapula
What are the contents if the Axillary inlet?
-Subclavian artery = Axillary artery
-Axillary vein = Subclavian vein
-Brachial Plexus
What makes up the ANTERIOR WALL of axilla?
- Pectoralis Major + Minor
- Subclavius muscle
- Clevipectoral fascia
What makes up the POSTERIOR WALL of the axilla?
1.Latissimus Dorsi muscle
2.Teres Major muscle
3.Long Head of Triceps brachii
4.Subscapularis m
5.Costal surface of scapula
What makes up the Medial Wall of axilla?
- Thoracic
- Serratus Anterior muscle
What makes up the Lateral wall of axilla?
Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus
What Innervates Pectoralis Major m?
Medial & Lateral Pectoral nerves
What innervates the Pec. minor muscle?
Medial Pectoral nerve
What innervates Subclavius muscle?
Nerve to subclavius ( sup. branch of brachial plexus)
Which muscles are enclosed by Clevipectoral Fascia?
-PECTORALIS MINOR
-SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLE
Where does subclavius muscle insert?
Coracoid process of scapula
The sternoclavicular joint is stabilized by which muscle?
Subclavius muscle
Name the structure that pass through the Clevipectoral Fascia
1.Cephalic vein
2.Thoraco-acromial artery
3.Medial & Lateral Pectoral nerves
4. Lateral Thoracic Artery
What innervates Serratus Anterior Muscle?
Long Thoracic nerve
What is the ORIGIN of Axillary artery?
Subclavian artery
List the ARTERIES that make up the axillary artery with their parts, respectively.
1st:- Superior Thoracic artery
2nd:-Thoraco-acromial artery
-Lateral Thoracic artery
3rd:-Subscapular artery
-Anterior circumflex
humeral artery
-Posterior circumflex
humeral artery
Where does the 1st part of the axillary artery start?
From Lateral margin of RIB 1
State the Axillary artery part that is located Posterior to the Pectoralis Minor muscle
2nd Part
-Thoraco-acromial trunk
-Lateral thoracic a.
Describe the course of the 3rd part of the axillary artery
Up to INFERIOR border of Teres Major
The Superior Thoracic artery supplies:
-Medial & Anterior axilla walls
Name the branches of the Thoraco-acromial trunk
1.Pectoral
2.Clavicular
3.Acromial
4.Deltoid
The Thoraco-acromial trunk supplies…
Anterior axilla wall
What is the origin of Thoraco-acromial artery?
Just Posterior to Medial Margin of Pectoralis Minor
What is the origin of Long Thoracic Artery?
Just posterior to Lateral Margin of Pectoralis Minor
The Breasts (female), Medial & Anterior axilla walls are supplied by…
Lateral Thoracic Artery
Subscapular Artery terminates to form which arteries?
1.Circumflex Scapular artery
2.Thoracodorsal Artery
The Posterior axilla wall & Posterior Scapula region is supplied by…
Subscapular artery
Compare & Contrast regarding the arteries that anastomose with either the ANTERIOR- or POSTERIOR circumflex humeral artery
Ant. circumflex humeral a. :
-Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery
Post. circumflex humeral a. :
1.Suprascapular artery
2.Thoraco-acromial arteries
3.Profunda brachii
Name the artery that passes Anterior to Surgical neck of Humerus
Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
Name the artery that passes posterior to surgical neck of humerus
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Anterior Circumflex humeral artery supplies…
1.Glenohumeral joint
2.Head of humerus
What is the origin of the Axillary Vein?
BASILIC VEIN
The Axillary vein is located…
Just Anterior & Medial to Axillary artery
The tributaries of the axillary vein are:
1.Brachial veins
2.Cephalic vein
3.Veins that follow Axillary arteries
The Axillary vein becomes…
(where)
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN (lateral border of RIB 1)
BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS MADE UP OF WHICH RAMI
C5-C8 (Anterior rami)
T1 (Spinal nerves)
The brachial plexus enters the neck…
Between Anterior & Middle scalene muscles
Describe the location of Brachial Plexus
Superior& Posterior to SUBCLAVIAN artery
What are the NERVE branches of C5?
-Phrenic Nerve
-Dorsal scapular nerve (supplying Rhomboid Minor & Major)
Which root(s) does the Long Thoracic nerve branch from?
C5-C7
-Long thoracic nerve supplies the Serratus Anterior muscle
Where does the Trunk enter the Axilla?
After Passing over RIB 1
What are the branches of the Superior Trunk of the Brachial Plexus?
1.Suprascapular nerve (supplies Infraspinatus & Supraspinatus muscle)
2.Nerve to Subclavius (Subclavius muscle)
C5 and C6 unite to form which trunk?
SUPERIOR Trunk
Middle Trunk is formed by…
C7 Rami
Inferior trunk is formed by…
C8 & T1
The TRUNKS give rise to…
1) 3 Anterior Divisions:
-supply the Anterior compartment of the Arm & Forearm
2) 3 Posterior Divisions:
Supply the Posterior Compartment of Arm & Scapula
The Lateral cord if given off by…
-Anterior divisions of Superior & Middle Trunks
-C5-C7 ROOTS
LIST the branches of the Lateral cord
- Lateral Pectoral nerve (Pierces Clavipectoral fascia & passes anterior with thoraco-acromial artery)
- Lateral root of Median nerve
- Musculocutaneous Nerve (Terminal branch)
Describe the COURSE of the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve
> Pierces Coracobrachialis muscle
Runs between Biceps Brachii & Brachialis muscles
Exits on Lateral aspect of CUBITAL FOSSA
-becomes Lateral cutaneous nerve
Which structures are innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve?
- Anterior compartment muscles of Upper arm (MOTOR)
2.Skin area on Lateral aspect of Forearm (SENSORY, Only after termination)
NAME THE BRANCHES OF MEDIAL CORD
- Medial Pectoral nerve (passes between axillary artery & vein)
- Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
- Ulnar nerve
- Medial root of Median nerve
Medial cord is given off by
Anterior division of Inferior trunk
- C8-T1 ROOTS
Posterior Cord is given off by…
Posterior division from C5-T1
What are the branches of the Posterior cord?
1.Subscapular nerve
2.Thoracodorsal nerve
3.Axillary nerve
4.Radial nerve
Describe the Course of MEDIAN nerve
Passes Anterior to Brachial Artery
Describe the COURSE of AXILLARY nerve
Runs Inferolateral and exits through:-Quadrangular space
-Posterior Surgical neck of humerus
Describe the COURSE of Radial nerve
-Runs DEEP to Axillary artery
-Passes through the Triangular Interval (with Profunda brachii) within Radial groove on Posterior Humeral shaft between Triceps brachii heads.
-Exits lateral at elbow joint between Biceps brachii & brachialis muscles
-Runs lateral in forearm and reaches hand
List SUPERFICIAL VENOUS DRAINAGE VEINS
1.Median Cubital Vein
2.Basilic Vein
3.Cephalic Vein
4.Brachial vein
5.Dorsal Venous network
The H pattern of the MEDIAN CUBITAL vein shows the connection between…
Cephalic vein & Basilic vein
The M Pattern connects…
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Median Antebrachial vein
Cephalic vein drains into…
Axillary vein
NAME the vein that drains into Basilic vein
Brachial vein
The Brachial vein arises from…
Radial vein & Ulnar vein
The Roof of the Cubital Fossa is formed by…
Median Cubital Vein
Compare & Contrast between the Fascial areas pierced by Cephalic vein & Basilic vein
CEPHALIC v. :Deep fascia between Deltoid muscle & Pectoralis Major muscle
BASILIC v. :Deep fascia in Middle arm
Brachial vein ascends between…
Biceps brachii & Brachialis muscle
