Axilla

Question 1

Apex of the axilla

Answer 1

junction of the clavicle, scapula, and first rib (forming the cervicoaxillary canal)

Question 2

Apex of the axilla

Answer 2

junction of the clavicle, scapula, and first rib (forming the cervicoaxillary canal)

Question 3

Base of the axilla

Answer 3

axillary fascia

Question 4

anterior wall of axilla

Answer 4

pectoralis major and minor muscles

clavipectoral fascia

Question 5

posterior wall of axilla

Answer 5

scapula with associated musculature (subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi)

Question 6

medial wall of axilla

Answer 6

ribs 1-4 or 5

intercostal musculature covered by serratous anterior muscle

Question 7

lateral border of the axilla wall

Answer 7

junction of the anterior and posterior axillary walls at the intertubercular groove

Question 8

Base of the axilla

Answer 8

axillary fascia

Question 9

anterior wall of axilla

Answer 9

pectoralis major and minor muscles

clavipectoral fascia

Question 10

posterior wall of axilla

Answer 10

scapula with associated musculature (subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi)

Question 11

medial wall of axilla

Answer 11

ribs 1-4 or 5

intercostal musculature covered by serratous anterior muscle

Question 12

lateral border of the axilla wall

Answer 12

junction of the anterior and posterior axillary walls at the intertubercular groove

Question 13

Contents of the axilla

Answer 13

axillary artery

axillary vein

cords and branches of brachial plexus

proximal portions of long and short heads of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis

axillary lymph nodes

fat

Question 14

what does the axillary sheath surround?

Answer 14

axillary vein, axillary artery, cords of the brachial plexus

axillary sheath is an extension of prevertebral cervical fascia

ends up in brachium as medial intermuscular septum

Question 15

does the thoracoacromial artery pierce the costocoracoid membrane?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

what doe the supreme or highest thoracic artery supply

Answer 16

first and second anterior intercostal spaces

Question 17

what does the thoracodorsal artery supply?

Answer 17

latissimus dorsi

Question 18

what does the subscapular artery branch into?

Answer 18

circumflex scapular artery

thoracodorsal artery

Question 19

what does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

Answer 19

lateral intercostal spaces

serratous anterior

pectoralis major and minor

mammary gland

Question 20

what is the largest and most variable branch of the axillary a.

Answer 20

subscapular a

Question 21

distally where does the axillary v lie in relation to the axillary artery

Answer 21

it lies medial

Question 22

proximally where does the axillary v lie in relation to the axillary artery

Answer 22

it lie anterior and somewhat inferior to the artery

Question 23

what vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia

Answer 23

the cephalic vein to join the axillary vein

Question 24

what forms the axillary vein

Answer 24

union of basilic vein with the brachial veins

Question 25

when does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein

Answer 25

when it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

Question 26

what does the superficial lymphatics of the upper limb drain? what direction

Answer 26

subcutaneous structures in the ventral to dorsal direction as well as distal to proximal

follow superficial VEINS

Question 27

where does the drainage from superficial lymphatics end up?

Answer 27

ending in the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes (following the basilic vein)

some lateral collecting ducts follow the course of the cephalic vein to end in the apical group of axillary lymph nodes

Question 28

what do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain, in what direction and where do they end up?

what do they follow?

Answer 28

drain periosteum
joint capsules
tendons and some muscle

parallel the course of MAJOR ARTERIES

drain to lateral and central axillary lymph nodes

Question 29

what are the 5 infraclavicular lymph nodes

Answer 29

pectoral

lateral

subscapular

central

apical (only one located superior to pec minor tendon- all the rest above are located inferior )

Question 30

why does limb swelling occur after removal of axillary lymph nodes

Answer 30

because normal lymphatic drainage becomes impaired