Axilla Flashcards
Apex of the axilla
junction of the clavicle, scapula, and first rib (forming the cervicoaxillary canal)
Apex of the axilla
junction of the clavicle, scapula, and first rib (forming the cervicoaxillary canal)
Base of the axilla
axillary fascia
anterior wall of axilla
pectoralis major and minor muscles
clavipectoral fascia
posterior wall of axilla
scapula with associated musculature (subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi)
medial wall of axilla
ribs 1-4 or 5
intercostal musculature covered by serratous anterior muscle
lateral border of the axilla wall
junction of the anterior and posterior axillary walls at the intertubercular groove
Base of the axilla
axillary fascia
anterior wall of axilla
pectoralis major and minor muscles
clavipectoral fascia
posterior wall of axilla
scapula with associated musculature (subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi)
medial wall of axilla
ribs 1-4 or 5
intercostal musculature covered by serratous anterior muscle
lateral border of the axilla wall
junction of the anterior and posterior axillary walls at the intertubercular groove
Contents of the axilla
axillary artery
axillary vein
cords and branches of brachial plexus
proximal portions of long and short heads of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
axillary lymph nodes
fat
what does the axillary sheath surround?
axillary vein, axillary artery, cords of the brachial plexus
axillary sheath is an extension of prevertebral cervical fascia
ends up in brachium as medial intermuscular septum
does the thoracoacromial artery pierce the costocoracoid membrane?
yes
what doe the supreme or highest thoracic artery supply
first and second anterior intercostal spaces
what does the thoracodorsal artery supply?
latissimus dorsi
what does the subscapular artery branch into?
circumflex scapular artery
thoracodorsal artery
what does the lateral thoracic artery supply?
lateral intercostal spaces
serratous anterior
pectoralis major and minor
mammary gland
what is the largest and most variable branch of the axillary a.
subscapular a
distally where does the axillary v lie in relation to the axillary artery
it lies medial
proximally where does the axillary v lie in relation to the axillary artery
it lie anterior and somewhat inferior to the artery
what vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia
the cephalic vein to join the axillary vein
what forms the axillary vein
union of basilic vein with the brachial veins
when does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein
when it crosses the lateral border of the first rib
what does the superficial lymphatics of the upper limb drain? what direction
subcutaneous structures in the ventral to dorsal direction as well as distal to proximal
follow superficial VEINS
where does the drainage from superficial lymphatics end up?
ending in the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes (following the basilic vein)
some lateral collecting ducts follow the course of the cephalic vein to end in the apical group of axillary lymph nodes
what do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain, in what direction and where do they end up?
what do they follow?
drain periosteum
joint capsules
tendons and some muscle
parallel the course of MAJOR ARTERIES
drain to lateral and central axillary lymph nodes
what are the 5 infraclavicular lymph nodes
pectoral
lateral
subscapular
central
apical (only one located superior to pec minor tendon- all the rest above are located inferior )
why does limb swelling occur after removal of axillary lymph nodes
because normal lymphatic drainage becomes impaired
