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Test 2 Chapter 8 > Axial System > Flashcards

Axial System Flashcards

0
Q

What bone structure compose the axial skeleton?

A

Skull

Vertebral column

Thoracic cage

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1
Q

What is the axial skeleton made of?

A

Bones along central body axis

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2
Q

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

A

Creates framework that supports and protects organs.

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3
Q

How many bones does the skull have?

A

22

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4
Q

What are the eight cranial bones?

A

Frontal bone

Parietal bones (2)

Occipital bone

Temporal bones (2)

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

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5
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A 
Mandible
Maxillary bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
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6
Q

3 Frontal bone key features?

A

Supra orbital margins

Anterior cranial fossa

Frontal sinuses

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7
Q

3 Parietal bones key features?

A

Lambdoid suture

Squamous suture

Coronal suture

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8
Q

4 Occipital bone key features?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

Hypoglossal canals

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9
Q

4 Temporal bones key regions?

A

Squamous

Tympanic

Mastoid

Petrous regions

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10
Q

5 Major markings of the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic processes

Styloid

Mastoid

Mandibular fossae

Middle cranial fossae

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11
Q

3 Major openings of the temporal bone?

A

Jugular foramina

External auditory Meatus

Carotid canal

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12
Q

4 Sphenoid bone key features?

A

Central body

Greater wings

Lesser wings

Pterygoid processes

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13
Q

3 Major markings of the sphenoid bone?

A

Sella turcica

Hypophyseal fossa

Pterygoid processes

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14
Q

5 Major openings of the sphenoid bone?

A

Foramina rotundum

Ovale

Spinosum

Optic canals

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

5 Ethmoid bone major markings?

A

Cribriform plate

Crista galli

Perpendicular plate

Nasal conchae

Ethmoid sinuses

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16
Q

What bones articulate at the coronal suture?

A

Parietal bones, and frontal bone anteriorly

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17
Q

What bones articulate at the Lambdoid suture?

A

Parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

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18
Q

What bones articulate at the Sagittal suture?

A

Right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

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19
Q

What bones articulate at the squamous suture?

A

Parietal and temporal bones meet

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20
Q

What are the sutural (wormian) bones

A

Tiny irregular bones that appear within sutures

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21
Q

Why do some people have sutural (wormian) bones?

A

Additional ossification centers that appeared when the skull was expanding during fetal development

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22
Q

What 7 bones form the Orbit?

A

Frontal bone

Ethmoid

Lacrimal bone

Palatine bone

Maxilla bone

Zygomatic bone

Sphenoid

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23
Q

What are the 3 components of the nasal septum?

A

Ethmoid

Vomer

Anterior septal cartilage

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24
Q

What are the four bones containing the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Maxillary bones

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25
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Lighten the skull

Enhance resonance of voice

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26
Q

Describe the hyoid bone

A

Not a bone Of the skull

Does not articulate with another bone

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27
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

Site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech

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28
Q

What are the names of the 3 auditory ossicles

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

29
Q

Where are the auditory ossicles found?

A

In the tympanic cavity

30
Q

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of general size and appearance?

A

Female features are more delicate and small

31
Q

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the mastoid process?

A

Larger in males

Smaller in females

32
Q

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the Mandible?

A

Male is larger and more square

33
Q

What is the difference in male and female skulls in terms of the mental protuberance?

A

More pronounced in males

34
Q

What are the two largest fontanelles found in the fetal skull

A

Anterior fontanel and mastoid fontanel

35
Q

What is the age that the two largest fontanels close?

A

Age 5

36
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Vertical support for the body

Supports the weight of head

Houses and protects the spinal cord

37
Q

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Coccyx

38
Q

What is the thing that helps remember number of vertebrae in first 3 regions?

A

Breakfast at 7

Lunch at 12

Dinner at 5

39
Q

How many vertebrae in cervical region?

A

7

40
Q

How many vertebrae in thoracic region?

A

12

41
Q

How many vertebrae in lumbar region?

A

5

42
Q

How many vertebrae in sacrum region?

A

5 that fuse into 1

43
Q

How many vertebrae in coccyx region?

A

4

44
Q

What are the 4 spinal curvatures

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

45
Q

What are the two primary curvatures?

A

Thoracic

Sacral

46
Q

What are the two secondary curvatures

A

Cervical

Lumbar

47
Q

When do the secondary curvatures appear?

A

After birth

48
Q

What is the general function of the secondary curvatures?

A

Help shift trunk weight over legs

49
Q

What are the 7 components of a typical vertebrae?

A

Body

Vertebral arch

Vertebral Foramen

Spinous process

Transverse processes

Superior Articular process

Inferior Articular process

50
Q

What is the vertebral arch composed of?

A

2 pedicles and 2 laminae

51
Q

What are 5 characteristics of cervical vertebrae

Relative size
Body shape
The presence of costal facets for ribs
The presence of transverse foramina
The shape of the spinous process
A

Smallest

Kidney bean shape

Costal facets for ribs not present

Has transverse foramina

Shape of the spinous process is slender, C2-C6 bifid

52
Q

What are 5 characteristics of thoracic vertebrae?

Relative size
Body shape
The presence of costal facets for ribs
The presence of transverse foramina
The shape of the spinous process
A

Medium size

Heart shape body

Has coastal facets for ribs

No transverse foramina

Spinous process is long, project inferior

53
Q

What are 5 characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

Relative size
Body shape
The presence of costal facets for ribs
The presence of transverse foramina
The shape of the spinous process
A

Largest

Oval or round

No costal facets for ribs

No transverse foramina

Spinous process are short, thick, and blunt. Project posteriorly

54
Q

If a vertebrae has transverse foramina and a bifid spinous process it is?

Cervical or thoracic or lumbar

A

Cervical

55
Q

How does the atlas differ from other vertebrae

A

No body or spinous process

Ring shaped

56
Q

How does the axis differ from other vertebrae

A

Has dens and and spinous process starting to be bifid

57
Q

What are the three main components of the sternum?

A

Manubrium

Sternum body

Xiphoid process

58
Q

Manubrium

A

Widest and most superior portion of sternum

59
Q

Sternum body

A

Longest part of the sternum

60
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Bottom tip of sternum

61
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

Where Manubrium and sternum body meet

The coastal cartilage attachment for rib two

62
Q

What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle

A

Important site for palpitation and counting ribs

63
Q

What are two features on all ribs

A

Originate on thoracic vertebrae

End in anterior wall of thorax

64
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

A

Rib 1-7

65
Q

True ribs coastal cartilage attaches to ______ directly

A

Sternum

66
Q

Which ribs are false ribs

A

Ribs 8-12

67
Q

Ribs 8, 9, 10 a are called vertebrochondral ribs because their coastal cartilages attach to the _______ indirectly

A

Sternum

68
Q

Ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs or vertebral ribs. Their cartilages are inserted in the ________ ______ instead of the sternum

A

Transverse costal facets

69
Q

Where specifically do the head and tubercle of each rib Articulate

A

Find answer

Test 2 Chapter 8 (2 decks)

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