Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What is the function of the appendicular system?
Attach limbs to the axial skeleton
What is the appendicular system made of?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs
Includes girdles of bones
What is the pectoral girdle composed of?
Anterior clavicles (2)
Posterior scapulae (2)
Where is the clavicle?
Lying across the superior thorax
What does the clavicle look like?
Long, slender, S shape
How many bones does each upper limb contain?
30
An arm contains what bones and how many?
1 humerus 1 radius 1ulna 8 carpal 5 metacarpals And 14 phalanxs
What does the humerus articulate with?
Glenoid cavity of scapula
Radius and ulna at he elbow
What is the difference between anatomical and surgical neck of the humerus?
The anatomic neck is a groove between tubercles
Surgical neck is a narrowing below the tubercles
What features on the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna
Capitullum
Trochlea
How does the ulna articulate with the humerus when extended and flexed
Forearm extended olecrannon process enters the olecrannon fossa
Forearm flexed coronoid process enters coronoid fossa
How does the radius articulate with ulna and humerus
Disc shaped head articulates with the capitullum of humerus and the radial notch of ulna
How are radius and ulna positioned when the forearm is supinated?
Radius and ulna are parallel in anatomical position
Explain position of ulna and radius when forearm is pronated
Radius and ulna pivot along interosseous membrane, Palm of hand facing posterior
Head of radius is still on lateral side but distal end crosses over
What are the 8 carpals
Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium Pisiform Triquitrum Lunate Scaphoid
What is the pelvic girdle composed of
Left and right ossa coxae
What are the 2’function of the pelvic girdle
Attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Transits weight of the upper body to the lower limbs
Name the three bones that make ossa coxae
Ilium, ischium, pubis
Describe where ossa coxae articulate with femur
At acetabulum
Describe where ossa coxae articulate with sacrum
Sacroiliac joint
True pelvis
Where
Function
Portion inferior to the pelvic brim
Forms a deep bowl containing pelvic organs
False pelvis
Where
Portion superior to pelvic brim
Bound to the ilia and lumbar vertebrae
Pelvic inlet
Boundary between true and false pelvis enclosed by pelvic brim
Pelvic outlet
What?
Bound by?
Inferiorly placed opening
Bounded by coccus, Sichuan tuberousitys, and inferior border of symphysial surface
What is the bony landmark that separates the true and false pelvis
Pelvic brim
What is the difference between male and female pelvis in general width
Female wider
What is the difference between male and female pelvis for pelvic inlet
Female = wider, oval shape
Male= narrow, heart shape
What is the difference between male and female pelvis for subpubic angle
Female=broader, more rounded
Male= acute angle
What is the difference between male and female pelvis for sacrum
Female= wider and shorter
What is the difference between male and female pelvis for ischial spine
Larger and more prominent in males
Each lower limb contains how many bones?
30 bones
How many bones in the ankle?
7 tarsal
What bones form the arch of foot
Metatarsal
Location and function of patella
Knee cap
Protects the knee joint
What is the primary function of of tibia
Support body weight
What is the function of fibula
Attaches muscles of feet and toes
How do tibia and fibula articulate
Articulate via the immovable tibiofibular joints
What are the names of the 7 tarsal bones
Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform
What are the three arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
