Axial Skeleton- Skull Flashcards
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
How many bones are in the skull and associated bones?
29
How many bones are in the cranium?
8
How many bones are in the face?
14
How many bones are in the associated bones?
7
How many bones are in the auditory ossicles?
6
What are the three functions of the axial skeleton?
- Supports and protects body organs- brain, heart, and lungs
- Protects special sense organs- eyes, nerves for smell, auditory and balance structures
- Attachment sites for muscles- back muscles, intercostal muscles for breathing, facial expressive muscles
What is the skull composed of?
Face, cranium, and associated bones.
What are the facial bones? How many of each? Paired/unpaired? Location?
Maxillae (2)- Forms the upper jaw, anterior, articulates with the upper teeth
Palatine bones (2)- Forms the roof of the mouth
Nasal bones (2)- Forms the bridge of the nose
Inferior nasal conchae (2)- Forms the wall of the nasal cavity
Lacrimal bones (2)- Make up the medial portion of the ocular orbit (eye socket)
Vomer (1)- Sits deep to the zygomatic bones
Mandible (1)- Forms the lower jaw
Zygomatic bones (2)- Form the anterior portion of the cheekbone
What are the cranial bones? How many of each? Paired/unpaired? Location?
Occipital bone (1)- Back of skull
Parietal bones (2)- Middle of skull
Frontal bone (1)- Front of skull
Temporal bones (2)- Sides of skull, temples and ear
Sphenoid (1)- Deep
Ethmoid (1)- Deep
What are the associated bones? Location?
Hyoid bone (1)- Sits deep within the neck region, doesn’t articulate with other bones (ligaments and muscles attached to it)
Auditory ossicles enclosed in temporal bone (6)- Do auditory processes, transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth of the inner ear
Where is the lambdoid suture located?
At the posterior (back) of the skull
Where is the sagittal suture located?
Down the midline of the skull, separates the right and left parietal bones
Where is the coronal suture located?
At the front of the skull (anterior)
What is the external occipital protuberance?
Serves as an attachment point, bomb at the back of the skull
What joint category do the skull sutures fall into? Would there be movement at these joints?
Synarthrotic joints. No, there is no movement.
Where is the chewing muscle located?
Inside the zygomatic arch.
What is the foramen magnum?
The large opening where the brain and spinal cord connect.
Describe the positioning of the palatine process of maxilla, the maxilla, and the palatine bone.
The palatine process of maxilla forms the anterior portion of the hard palate. The maxilla is most superficial, it makes up the outer part of the upper jaw and articulates with the teeth. The palatine bone sits posteriorly, near the back of the palate.
What is the temporalis?
Fan shaped muscle, helps with chewing
Where are the temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone located in relation to temporal bone?
The temporal process of zygomatic bone is located posteriorly, while zygomatic process of temporal bone is located anteriorly to temporal bone.
Which two components make up the bony nasal septum?
Vomer (inferior) and the perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superior)
What are the crista galli and cribriform plate?
Crista galli- Located on the superior surface of the ethmoid bone
Cribriform plate- Located just below the crista galli, many small holes that allow olfactory nerves to pass from the nasal cavity to the brain
What is the sella turcica?
Located in the sphenoid bone, shaped like a saddle and houses the pituitary gland (for production of hormones).
