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Accessory Organs of the Digestive System > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are part of the cranium? What bones are part of the postcranium?

A

Cranium -all the bones in your head

Postcranium- all the bones below the head

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2
Q

What bones are included in the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of the skull (cranium & mandible)
thorax
vertebral column

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3
Q

What bones are included in your appendicular skeleton?

A

Any bone not in the axial
example:
Upper Limb
Lower LImb

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4
Q

The skull can be divided into parts. What parts?

A

Mandible &

Cranium

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5
Q

The postcranial can be divided into?

A

vertebrae (coccyx, sacrum)
ribs
sternum

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6
Q

Is the skull one bone?

A

Np, various.

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7
Q

How can the skull be divided?

A

Nuero-Cranium (because it contains the brain)
&
Viscero-Cranium ( portion of the cranium that contains the organs, visceral means organs)

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8
Q

What is the function of the nuero-cranium and viscero cranium?

A

Nuero-Cranium: protects the brain

Viscero- cranium- protects the soft tissues of the face

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9
Q

Nuerocranium Bones and locations

A

Frontal bone- Forehead and top part of the orbits (eyes)
Parietal Bone- Sides of the skull;
Sphenoid Bone- portion on the temples, and forms posterior part of the eye orbit
Temporal Bone- by the ear on the side (deep to the ear)
Ethmoid bone - between the eyes, and behind the nasal bone, forms part of the medial aspect of the eye orbit
occipital bone- back of the head

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10
Q

Which bones are part of the nuerocranium that you can see inferiorly?

A

sphenoid, occipital, temporal bone

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11
Q

Which part of the ethmoid is part of the nasal cavity

A

Perpendicular plate

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12
Q

what shape is the sphenoid?

A

butterfly shaped

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13
Q

Looking down at the skull (superior view) what part of the ethmoid can you see?

A

The cribriform plate, crista galli

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14
Q

Name the sutures of the skull? What does it separate?

A

Sagittal suture- the middle separates the two parietal bones
Lambdoidal suture- separates occipital bone from parietal bones
squamousal suture- separates temporal bone from parietal bones
coronal suture- separates frontal bone from parietal bones

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15
Q

Name 4 features of the occipital bone.

A

Hypoglossal canal- underneath the occipital condyle
Jugular foramen- (one of the jugular vein goes through here)
Foramen Magnum- (passage of the spinal cord)
Occipital condyles

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the occipital bone?

A

To connect the cranium to the vertebrae.

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17
Q

Temporal Bone Features

A

Internal acoustic meatus
External acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Foramen lacerum- gap where 3 bones come together occipital bone, sphenoid bone, temporal bone
Carotid canal
Mandibular fossa- madible articulates here

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18
Q

What is the supra orbital foramen?

A

Hole above the orbit (above the eye)

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19
Q

What are the sphenoid bone features?

A

Sella turcica- depression in the middle where the pituitary gland is
Optic canal- (can be seen from the front)
Superior orbital fissue- long opening (can be seen from the front)
Foramen rotundum - round hole
Foramen Ovale- oval hole
Foramen Spinosum- small hole

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20
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

ethmoid & vomer

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21
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A 
palatine bone
lacrimal bone- tear gland sits
zygomatic bone
nasal bone
maxilla
inferior nasal concha- (responsible for regulating the flow of air in the nasal cavity)
vomer
mandible
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22
Q

What are the features of the maxilla?

A

Inferior orbital fissue

Infra-orbital foramen

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23
Q

What are the bone features of the mandible?

A

Mandibular condyle- (articulates with manibular fossa on the the temporal bone)
Mental foramen- (on the outside of the mandible on the chin)
Alveolar Part- (holds tooth roots)
Mandibular foramen- (inside of the mandible)

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24
Q

What are the two divisions of the axial postcranium?

A

Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum- protects heart and lungs
Vertebral column- protects spinal cord, transfers weight onto the lower limb, & it’s an
muscle attachement site

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25
Q

How is the vertebrae column divided?

A 
cervical vertebrae- (C1-C7)
thoracic vertebrae- (T1-T12)
lumbar vertebrae- L1-L5)
Sacrum- (5 fused vertebrae)
Coccyx
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26
Q

What are the vertebrae column curves?

A

Lordosis & kyphosis

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27
Q

What is the spinal curve for the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae?

A

cervical-Lordosis
thoracic- kyphosis
lumbar-Lordosis
scaral-kyphosis

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28
Q

When do the spinal curves develop?

A

When an infant starts walking

29
Q

In pregnant women what kinda of curvature do they have?

A

Hyperlordosis

30
Q

What is hyperkyphosis?

A

If the kyphosis curvature is too extreme it is hyperkyphosis (hunchback)

31
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

abnormal lateral curvature

32
Q

What features are present in all vertebrae?

A

-Transverse process (one on the left, one on the right)
-Centra (centrum)
(one exception C1)
-Spinous Process
-Vertebral Foramen (spinal cord pass through here)

33
Q

What is the atlas, what is the axis?

A

C1 is the atlas

C2 is the axis

34
Q

Why do the vertebrae get larger as you go down?

A

weight distribution

35
Q

What articulates with the occipital condyles??

A

The atlas (holds the world)

36
Q

What is the shake yes joint?

A

occipital bone and atlas

37
Q

What does the hyoid bone attach to?

A

hyoid indirectly attaches to the styloid process

38
Q

What is the only bone in your body that doesn’t directly articulate with another bone (floats in your neck)? How does it connect?

A

Hyoid bone, connects via muscle

39
Q

Does the axis have a body?

A

No

40
Q

What is the dens?

A

The axis has a dens that sticks up into the atlas.

41
Q

What is the shake no joint?

A

atlas and axis connection

42
Q

What is the transverse ligament?

A

ligament that wraps around the dens to the atlas so you can move your head side to side aka when saying ‘No”

43
Q

What unique features do the cervical vertebrae have?

A

Transverse foramen

44
Q

What unique features do the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

Costal facets (costal means rib)

45
Q

What happens in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

attachment for ribs `

46
Q

Where do ribs attach?

A

On the centrum (body) and transverse process

47
Q

What is unique about lumbar vertebrae?

A

They lack:
transverse foramen &
costal facet

48
Q

What are inter-vertebral disc?

A

pad of cartilage that separate the joint that connects the centrums together.
Important for shock absorption

49
Q

What are inter-vertebral foramina?

A

Only exist when at least two vertebrae are together. The space they create between them. Spinal nerves go out through here

50
Q

What is the articular processes?

A

Articular processes is where vertebrae articulate.
Superior set- articualte with vertebrae above it
Inferior set- articulate to the vertebrae below it

51
Q

What is the vertebrae canal?

A

when the vertebrae are on top of each other the individual vertebrae foramen form a canal. The spinal cord goes out through here.

52
Q

What do all vertebrae contain?

A

-Transverse process (one on the left, one on the right)
-Centra (centrum)
(one exception C1)
-Spinous Process
-Vertebral Foramen (spinal cord pass through here)

53
Q

What are the features of the sacral?

A

Sacral body
Ala
Sacral foramina
Sacral Hiatus- exposes the vertebral canal (lack of spinous process)

54
Q

What is the thorax?

A

contains lungs and heart, surrounded by the rib cage for protection

55
Q

What divides the thorax and abdomen?

A

the diaphragm

56
Q

What is part of the thorax/thoracic cage?

A

Sternum: Xiphoid process, manubrium, body
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae

57
Q

How many ribs do you have?

A

12 left and 12 right (women and men have the same amount)

58
Q

what is the function of the thoracic cage?

A
  • Attachment sites for muscles of breathing

- protection

59
Q

How do the ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Ribs attach on the right and left of the costal facets that are on the transverse process and centrum

60
Q

Does the rib directly attach to the sternum?

A

No attaches via the costal cartilage

61
Q

Why does the posterior rib attach bone to bone (via costal facet) versus the front ribs that attach the costal cartilage?

A

Because of breathing.

When you breathe your ribs expand laterally you need that flexibility.

62
Q

Every rib is connected to the sternum. True/False

A

True

63
Q

Name the three functional groups of the ribs.

A

Vertebrosternal Ribs
Vertebrochondral Ribs
Vertebral Ribs

64
Q

How does the vertebrosternal attach?

A

Vertebrosternal Ribs- ribs attach from the vertebrae to the sternum via an individual costal cartilage (first 7 ribs)

65
Q

How does the Vertebrochondral Ribs

A

ribs attach from the vertebrae to the sternum via a fused costal cartilage (8-10)

66
Q

How do the Vertebral Ribs attach?

A

They don’t attach to anything on the front.

67
Q

What part of the rib attaches to the costal facet on the centrum?

A

head

68
Q

What part of the rib attaches to the costal facet on the transverse process?

A

the tubercle of the rib

Accessory Organs of the Digestive System (2 decks)

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