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A&P Exam 2 > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Posterior head, base of the skull

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2
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

The bump on the posterior side.

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3
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Articulate with the atlas

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4
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large hole for the spinal cord to pass through

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5
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Forehead

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6
Q

Supraorbital margin

A

Ridge of bone above each eye

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7
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

Hole above the supraorbital margin

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8
Q

Parietal Bones

A

Form part of the sidewall and roof of the cranium

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9
Q

Coronal suture

A

Junction between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones

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10
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Junction between 2 parietal bones

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11
Q

Squamous suture

A

Junction between temporal bone and parietal bones

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12
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

Junction between 2 parietal bones and the occipital bone

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13
Q

Temporal Bones

A

Form part of the sidewall of cranium, the temple

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14
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Ear canal

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15
Q

Styloid process

A

Elongated, pin-like process on inferior side

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16
Q

Mastoid process

A

Large bony mass inferior and posterior to ear

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17
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Articulates with the mandibular condyles on mandible

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18
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Projection of temporal bone

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19
Q

Sphenoid

A

Irregular bone on floor of cranium, looks like a “bat”

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20
Q

Optic foramen (canal)

A

Hole for the optic nerve to pass through towards each eye

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21
Q

Sella turcica

A

Saddle like structure on superior surface (pituitary gland sits here)

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22
Q

Greater and Lesser wings

A

Large and small wing like structures which help form the floor of
the cranium

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23
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Large slits which can be seen in the eye sockets, it is between the
greater and lesser wing

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24
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Smaller slits, also seen in the eye sockets, just inferior to the
superior orbital fissures

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25
Q

Ethmoid

A

Irregular bone anterior to sphenoid and between eyes

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26
Q

Crista galli

A

Bony projection on superior surface

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27
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Horizontal plate on the superior surface that is perforated with
many small holes for the olfactory nerv

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28
Q

Middle nasal concha

A

Not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above inferior
nasal concha

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29
Q

Superior nasal concha

A

Not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above middle
nasal concha

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30
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Inferior plate that divides the nasal cavity

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31
Q

Orbital plate

A

Smooth plates which form the medial walls of the eye sockets

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32
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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33
Q

Ramus

A

Vertical projection on each side

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34
Q

Condylar process

A

Rounded projections on the superior surface of the rami

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35
Q

Coronoid process

A

Flat process on the superior surface of the rami

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36
Q

Body

A

Chin area

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37
Q

Mandibular angle

A

Where body and rami meet

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38
Q

Mental foramen (foramina)

A

Hole(s) penetrates body on each side of chin

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39
Q

Mandibular notch

A

Depression that lies between the condylar and coronoid processes.

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40
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw

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41
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Hole that penetrates the orbital rim

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42
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheek bones

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43
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form bridge of nose

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44
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Located on medial wall of eye socket

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45
Q

Lacrimal fossa

A

Deep groove on anterior/medial surface (tear duct or lacrimal
duct)

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46
Q

Palatine bones

A

Form roof of mouth and walls of nasal cavity

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47
Q

Vomer

A

In nasal cavity, form lower portion of the nasal septum

48
Q

Hyoid

A

Horse-shoe bone

49
Q

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

A

Indicates structures that help distinguish between the groups of
vertebrae

50
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 bones numbered C1-C7

51
Q

Atlas

A

C1, articulates occipital bone. No body & spinous process

52
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections

53
Q

*Transverse foramina

A

Hole in transverse process

54
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Hole posterior to body

55
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects body to transverse process

56
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse process to spinous process

57
Q

Axis

A

C2, inferior to atlas

58
Q

*Odontoid process (Dens)

A

Knob like process on superior surface

59
Q

Spinous process

A

Most are bifid

60
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections

61
Q

*Transverse foramina

A

Hole in transverse process

62
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Hole posterior to body

63
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects body to transverse process

64
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse process to spinous process

65
Q

Spinous process

A

Long and angled

66
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections

67
Q

*Transverse foramina

A

Hole in transverse process

68
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Hole posterior to body

69
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects body to transverse process

70
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse process to spinous process

71
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

Small openings formed on the lateral side of the vertebral column,
formed between 2 vertebra that are stacked on top of each other.
Also permits spinal nerve to pass

72
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 bones named T1-T12

73
Q

*Spinous process

A

Long and angle

74
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections

75
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects body to transverse process

76
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse process to spinous process

77
Q

Facets for ribs (T1-8 has 2, T9-12 has
1 per side)

A

Lateral side of body

78
Q

Articular facets for ribs (costal
facets)

A

On the transverse processes

79
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

Small openings formed on the lateral side of the vertebral column,
formed between 2 vertebra that are stacked on top of each other.
Permits spinal nerve to pas

80
Q

*Body

A

Larger body

81
Q

*Spinous process

A

Short and thick

82
Q

Transverse process

A

Lateral projections

83
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Hole posterior to body

84
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects body to transverse process

85
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse process to spinous process

86
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

Small openings formed on the lateral side of the vertebral column,
formed between 2 vertebra that are stacked on top of each other.
Allows spinal nerve to pass

87
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae in one bone, name S1-S5

88
Q

Ala

A

Wings, formed by fused transverse processes

89
Q

Medial sacral crest

A

Formed by fused spinous processes

90
Q

Sacral foramina

A

Similar to intervertebral foramina

91
Q

Coccyx

A

Often called the tailbone

92
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7 with individual costal cartilage

93
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-12 that do not have individual cartilages but may share
common costal cartilag

94
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum in any way

95
Q

Ribs

A

All have similar features and attach on thoracic vertebrae

96
Q

Head (superior and inferior articular
facets)

A

Posterior portion that articulates with thoracic vertebrae

97
Q

Neck

A

Just lateral to head

98
Q

Tubercle

A

Articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

99
Q

Body/Shaft

A

Curved main part of rib

100
Q

STERNUM

A

Anterior in thorax and made of 3 parts

101
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior portion

102
Q

Jugular notch

A

Superior depression

103
Q

Clavicular notch

A

Superior/lateral depressions where clavicles articulate

104
Q

Facets for ribs

A

Lateral border for ribs 1 and 2

105
Q

Sternal angle

A

Transverse ridge on the anterior surface

106
Q

Body

A

Lower 2/3 of bone, below sternal angle

107
Q

Facets for ribs

A

Lateral border for ribs 2-10

108
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Inferior process

109
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forehead

110
Q

Parietal bone

A

Form part of the sidewall and roof of the cranium

111
Q

Occipital bone

A

Posterior head, base of the skull

112
Q

Temporal bone

A

Form part of the sidewall of cranium, the temple

113
Q

Nasal bone

A

Nose

114
Q

Maxillary bone

A

Upper jaw

115
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

116
Q

Fontanel

A

Connective tissue between the sutures

A&P Exam 2 (4 decks)

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