Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What does the Axial Skeleton includes?
Ribs, Sternum, Spine, & Skull
What does the ribcage consists of?
Ribs, Sternum, Thoracic vertebrae, Costal cartilage, and Intercostal spaces
What is the rib cage main function?
Protect internal (vital) organs(heart, lungs,…)
What is the breast bone called?
Sternum
How many parts are in the sternum?
3
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium(proximal), Body, Xiphoid process(distal)
What type of bones is the sternum?
Flat bone
What does the sternum do?
Connects ribs in front via.cartilage
What type of bone is the thoracic vertebrae?
Irregular bones
What function does the thoracic vertebrae serves?
Provides connection point for ribs on posterior side
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12 pairs = 24 bones
What type of bone is the rib?
Flat bone
How many sections are in the RIB?
3 sections
How many TRUE ribs are there?
7 (1-7)
True ribs:
Attach to sternum directly via. cartilage & attach to thoracic vertebrae
How many FALSE ribs are there?
3 (8-10)
False ribs:
Attach indirectly to sternum via. 7th true rib cartilage
How many FLOATING ribs are there?
2 (11-12)
Floating ribs:
Attach ONLY to the thoracic vertebrae
What purpose does the costal cartilage serves?
Allows for expansion and deflation of ribs during breathing
What are intercostal spaces?
Spaces b/w the ribs
What is another term for spine?
Vertebral column
What type of bones made up the vertebral column?
Irregular bones
How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
33
What do spine do?
Shock absorber, prevents shock, encases spinal cord
How long is the spine?
Skull to pelvis
What are some functions of the spine?
Holds head & body upright, allows bend & twist, protect spinal cord
How many sections are in the Vertebral column?
5 sections
What is another term for neck?
Cervical vertebrae
How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?
7
What are some functions of the cervical vertebrae?
Support head & neck, Allows nodding & head shaking
How is the cervical vertebrae labeled?
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7
What is another term for the trunk bones(vertebral column)?
Thoracic vertebrae
How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?
12
What are some functions of the thoracic vertebrae?
Attachments for rib, Allows twisting/turning
How is thoracic vertebrae labeled?
T1,T2,T3….T12
What is another term for the lower back?
Lumbar vertebrae
How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?
5
What are some functions of the lumbar vertebrae?
Carry upper body weight & provides stable center of gravity (core) when moving
How is lumbar vertebrae labeled?
L1,L2,L3,L4,L5
What is the Sacrum?
5 FUSED vertebrae
What are some functions of the Sacrum?
Forms back wall of pelvic girdle & join 2 coxal bones posteriorly
What is another term for the tailbone?
Coccyx
What is the coccyx?
4 FUSED vertebrae
The coccyx:
Forms back wall of pelvic girdle
What is another term for the head?
Skull
How many sets of bones are in the skull?
2 sets
What are the 2 sets of bones in the skull?
Facial bones & Cranium
How many bones are in the facial bones?
14
What is the lower jaw bone called?
Mandible (1)
The Mandible is:
the ONLY movable bone in skull/ holds teeth/ allow chewing
What is the upper jaw bone called?
Maxilla (2)
The Maxilla:
holds upper teeth & forms bottom of eye socket
What is the tip of nose called?
Vomer (1)
What is the cheek bone called?
Zygomatic (2)
The Zygomatic bones:
forms bottom of eye socket
What does the nasal bones (2) do?
forms “bridge” of nose
What does the Lacrimal bones (2) do?
forms inside part of eye socket
Where is the inferior nasal concha located?
beneath/below on inside of nasal cavity
What is the palatine bones (2)?
The back portion of nasal cavity & forms the bottom portion of eye socket.
What is the cranium?
Forehead, top, back & sides of skull
How many bones are in the cranium?
8 large flat bones
List 6 bones that made up the cranium:
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid
The Frontal bone:
forms top of eye socket & forehead
The parietal bones (2):
is part of your head & top of head/sides
The occipital bone(1):
forms back & base of head
The temporal bones (2):
are the sides
The Sphenoid bone (1):
is in front of temporal bones & form sides of eye socket (butterfly/bat)
The Ethmoid bone (1):
enclosed & encased cranial bone located behind nasal cavity
At 24 months old, cranium bones are:
flexible & good for childbirth
At 24 months old, fixed joints:
stars forming into sutures