Axial Muscles

Question 1

Muscles of facial expression

Answer 1

Occipital frontalis (frontal belly)

Occipital frontalis (occipital belly)

Zygomaticus

Buccinator

Platysma

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oculi

Question 2

Muscles of mastication

Answer 2

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

Question 3

What is the 1 muscle of mastication that depresses the mandible?

Answer 3

Lateral pterygoid

Question 4

What is the 1 muscle of mastication that retracts the mandible?

Answer 4

Temporalis

Question 5

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 5

CN VII (facial nerve)

Question 6

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 6

CN V3 (branch of the trigeminal nerve)

Question 7

What is the insertion of occipital frontalis (frontal belly)?

Answer 7

Skin of forehead

Question 8

What is the insertion of occipital frontalis (occipital belly)?

Answer 8

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 9

What is the insertion of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 9

Skin surrounding eyelids

Question 10

What is the insertion of orbicularis oris?

Answer 10

Encircles mouth; skin and muscles at angle to mouth

Question 11

What is the insertion of zygomaticus?

Answer 11

Skin at superolateral edge of mouth

Question 12

What is the insertion of buccinator?

Answer 12

Orbicularis oris

Question 13

What is the insertion of platysma?

Answer 13

Skin of cheek and mandible

Question 14

What is the insertion and action of temporalis?

Answer 14

Coronoid process of mandible

Elevates and retracts mandible

Question 15

What is the insertion and action of masseter?

Answer 15

Coronoid process, lateral surface, and angle of mandible

Elevates and protects mandible; PRIME mover of jaw closure

Question 16

What is the insertion and action of medial pterygoid?

Answer 16

Medial surface of mandibular ramus

Elevates & protracted mandible; side-side motion

Question 17

What is the insertion and action of lateral pterygoid?

Answer 17

Condylar process of mandible
Protects mandible; side-side motion;
DEPRESSES mandible

Question 18

What are the key anatomical landmarks of the neck?

Answer 18

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage

Question 19

Function of hyoid bone

Answer 19

Only bone not to articulate with another bone
Keeps airway open superiorly
At level C3

Question 20

Functions of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Answer 20

Protects larynx (voicebox)
Provides site of muscle attachment critical in vocalisation and swallowing

Question 21

SCM

Answer 21

Origin: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process

Bilateral action: flax neck
unilateral action: turn neck to opposite side

Question 22

What are the two types of muscles that are relative to hyoid?

Answer 22

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid

Question 23

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 23

Mylohyoid (under two lines)

Digastric (two lines)

Question 24

Dygastric insertion and action

Answer 24

Hyoid bone

Depresses mandible/elevates hyoid bone

Question 25

Mylohyoid muscle insertion and actions

Answer 25

Hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone Elevates floor of mouth

Question 26

Mylohyoid muscle insertion and actions

Answer 26

Hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone Elevates floor of mouth

Question 27

Sternothyroid origin, insertion and action

Answer 27

Sternum Thyroid cartilage Depresses thyroid cartilage

Question 28

Thyrohyoid origin, insertion and action

Answer 28

Thyroid cartilage Hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone Elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 29

Omohyoid origin, insertion and action

Answer 29

Scapula Hyoid bone depresses hyoid bone; fixes hyoid during opening of the mouth

Question 30

Name of back muscles

Answer 30

Intrinsic muscles

Question 31

What innervates the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 31

Posterior Rami (segmentally)

Question 32

Function of intrinsic muscles

Answer 32

Maintain posture Control movements of vertebral column (Including cranium)

Question 33

Sternohyoid origin, insertion and action

Answer 33

Sternum Hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone

Question 34

Name of intrinsic superficial muscles?

Answer 34

Splenius

Question 35

Two splenius muscles

Answer 35

Splenius capitis | Splenius cervicis

Question 36

Origin of splenius muscles

Answer 36

Spinous process of C7-T4

Question 37

Splenius capitis insertion

Answer 37

Mastoid process

Question 38

Splenius cervicis insertion

Answer 38

Transverse process of C1-C3 or 4

Question 39

Unilateral action of splenius muscles

Answer 39

Laterally flex and rotate to ipsilateral side

Question 40

Bilateral action of splenius muscles

Answer 40

Extend head and neck

Question 41

Nerve supply to splenius and erector spinae muscles comes from?

Answer 41

Posterior rami

Question 42

Intrinsic intermediate muscle group is called

Answer 42

Erector spinae

Question 43

Three erector spinae muscles?

Answer 43

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 44

Origin of erector spinae

Answer 44

Broad tendon from iliac crest Posterior sacrum Sacral and lumbar spinous processes

Question 45

Insertion of erector spinae

Answer 45

Extensive insertion : ribs, vertebrae and skull

Question 46

Unilateral action of erector spinae?

Answer 46

Laterally flex vertebral column

Question 47

Bilateral action of erector spinae?

Answer 47

Extend vertebral column

Question 48

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 48

Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid Omohyoid

Question 49

Deep back muscle is muscle proper is called

Answer 49

Intrinsic muscles

Question 50

Divisions of intrinsic muscles are...

Answer 50

Superficial intermediate Deep

Question 51

Superficial intrinsic muscles are...

Answer 51

``` Splenius cervicis ( mastoid process insertion) Splenius capitis (transverse processes of V1-C3 or 4 ```

Question 52

Intermediate intrinsic muscles are...

Answer 52

Erector spinae

Question 53

Erector spinae consists of...

Answer 53

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis