Axial Muscles Flashcards
Muscles of facial expression?
1) Orbicularis oculi - closes eye
2) Orbicularis oris - closes mouth
3) Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis - raises eyebrows
4) Buccinator - holds food
5) Zygomaticas major - pulls up ends of lips to smile
6) Levator pulpebrae superioris - lifts eyelids
What do all the facial muscles attach to?
Modiolus
Muscles of mastication:
Superficial:
1) Masseter
2) Temporalis
Deep:
1) Lateral pterygoid
2) Medial pterygoid
All do elevation but lateral pterygoid. All protrude but temporalis.
Extrinsic muscles of the eye
Rectus means straight.
1) Superior rectum: elevation
2) Inferior rectum: depression
3) Lateral rectum: abduction
4) Medial rectum: adduction
5) Superior oblique: depression
6) Inferior oblique: elevation
Superficial anterolateral muscle of neck?
Sternocleidomastoid.
Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle.
Insertion: Mastoid process on temporal bone.
Function:
Unilateral action: ipsilateral lateral flection of neck and contralateral rotation of head.
Bilateral action: flection of neck
Superficial anterior neck muscles
Suprahyoid group: elevates hyoid
Infrahyoid group: depresses hyoid
Deep lateral muscles of neck:
Scalenes: Anterior, middle, posterior.
From transverse processes to ribs
Intrinsic muscles of back
VIA
Superficial layer (V): Spinotransversales (Splenius)
Intermediate layer (I): Erector spinae group (Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
Deep layer (A):
Transversospinales
1) Semispinalis group (biggest, from skull)
2) Multifidus (THORACIC AND LUMBAR)
3) Rotatores (THORACIC) (Go from transverse processes to spine, NOT FROM RIBS)
Muscles of thorax
Anterolateral:
- External intercostal (Mostly on left) (Elevate)
- Internal intercostal (Depress)
- Innermost intercostal (Depress)
Posterior:
- Serratus posterior inferior (depress ribs)
- Serratus posterior superior (elevate ribs)
- Levator costae (from ribs to transverse processes, help with proprioception and elevating ribs)
Between thoracic and abdominal cavities:
Thoracic diaphragm (dome-shaped)
Pelvic diaphragm
- Levator ani (middle) - support
- Coccygeus (on sides) - pulls coccyx anteriorly
Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall
1) External oblique (1st layer with aponeurosis)
2) Internal oblique (2nd)
- Both obliques do ipsilateral lateral flection.
3) Transversus abdominis (3rd)
4) Rectus abdominis (Six pack)
- Trunk flection
- Linea alba is middle line
- Tendinous intersections are the lines defining packs
5) Quadratus lumborum
6) Psoas major
7) Erector spinae
Posterior abdominal wall
- Quadratus lumborum (attaches to iliac crest)
- Psoas major
