Axial and Appendicular Skeleton (lecture 2)

Question 1

Subdivision

Answer 1

1.) Axial Skeleton
2.) Appendicular
Skeleton

Question 2

Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

Midline bones forming the head, neck and trunk

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

Bones of the limbs

Question 4

Mandible

Answer 4

Body
• horse shoe shaped
• houses mandibular teeth
• mental foramen

Ramus
• coronoid process
• condylar processes
• mandibular foramen

Question 5

Vertebral column

Answer 5

Form the central axis round which the other bones of the body are arranged

Joined together by
intervertebral discs to form a flexible yet stable support
(reinforced by ligaments)

Question 6

Consists of bones called

vertebrae

Answer 6

- 7 Cervical (neck)
– 12 Thoracic (trunk)
– 5 Lumbar (lower back)
– 5 Fused Sacral (pelvic girdle)
– 4 Rudimentary fused coccygeal

Question 7

Typical Vertebra

Answer 7

– Body
– Vertebral canal
– Spinous process
– 2x Transverse processes
– 2x Lamina
– 2x Pedicles
– 2x Superior articular
facets
– 2x Inferior articular
facets

Question 8

Typical vs. Atypical Vertebrae

Answer 8

Each region has special features:
• Each region has typical and atypical
– Each atypical has special features that separate it
from the other
• All transitional vertebrae are atypical
– C7, T12, L5 etc.
• Differences are functional

Question 9

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 9

• Transverse foramen
• Short bifid spinous
process
• Large vertebral foramen
• Atypical
– C1, C2, C7

Question 10

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 10

• Long sloping spinous
process
• Small vertebral foramen
• Costal facets
• Atypical
– T1, T10, T11, T12

Question 11

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 11

• Large vertebral foramen

* Large body

Question 12

THORACIC CAGE

Answer 12

Thoracic vertebra
• Ribs
• Sternum

Question 13

RIBS

Answer 13

12 Pairs - Curved, long,
flat bones
• Protect thorax and
abdomen
• True ribs (1-7)
– Articulate (ant) with
sternum via costal
cartilage
• False ribs (8-10)
– Cartilages fuse
and then attach to 7th
cartilage
• Floating ribs (11-12)
– Free anterior ends (Float)

Question 14

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

Shoulder girdle and upper limb

Pelvic girdle and
lower limb

Question 15

Hand

Answer 15

Carpals
– Short bones
– Wrist
• Metacarpals
– Long bones
– Hand
• Phalanges
– Long bones
– Fingers/digits

Question 16

Female vs. Male

Answer 16

Female:

• light and thin
• False (greater) pelvis= shallow
• Pelvic brim (inlet)= larger and more oval
• Acetabulum= Small and faces anteriorly
• Obturator foramen= Oval
• Pubic arch= greater than 9 degrees angle

male:
- heavy and thick
- False (greater) pelvis= deep
- Pelvic brim (inlet)= smaller and heart-shaped
- Acetabulum= large and faces laterally
- Obturator foramen= round
- Pubic arch= less than 9 degrees angle

Question 17

Foot

Answer 17

• Tarsals
– Short/irregular
– Heel
– Contributes to foot
– Contributes to ankle
• Metatarsals
– Long bones
– Foot
• Phalanges
– 14 Long bones
– Toes/digits