Axes Planes And Levers Flashcards by David O'Dowd

What is kinesiology

The study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement

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Why study anatomy and kinesiology

Yo understand how people move, to lower the risk of injury, to enhance skilled performance

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What structures do we need to move the body

Bones, muscles, joints, nerves, circulatory, respiratory, integumentary, digestive, urinary, endocrine

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Anatomical position

Erect standing position all body part including the palm of hands facing forwards

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What are the planes of movement

Frontal plane sagittal plane transverse plane

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Sagittal plane

Divides the body into left and right sides

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Frontal plane divides

The body into anterior and posterior parts

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Transverse plane divides

The body into superior and inferior parts

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Lateral movement occurs

In the frontal plane , examples adduction lateral raise, adduction and abduction of the hip side lunge

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Rotation occurs

In the transverse plane, rotation of the spine, shoulder or hip

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Flexion and extension occur in the

Sagittal plane

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Looking towards the front

Anterior view/ventral

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Looking towards the back

Posterior view/dorsal

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Towards the top

Superior

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Towards the bottom

Inferior

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Inferior/ superior of the spine

Superior cranial
Inferior caudal

Towards the midline

Medial

Towards the side

Lateral

Superficial

Near the surface

Deep

Towards the inside

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body

Distal

Farther away from the origin of the body

Movement’s of the body

Flexion extension hyperextension abduction adduction rotation medial lateral left and right

Flexion and extension

Bending a joint
Straightening a joint

Abduction adduction

Abduction moving away from centre Adduction moving towards the centre

Rotation

Twisting away or towards the midline

What is a lever

A rigid bar that turns about and axis of rotation or fulcrum, in the body the bones are the lever the joint is the axes and the muscles apply the force

Class one lever

Axis/fulcrum is between the force and resistance, a dolly lifting a box, resistance fulcrum force

Class two lever

Resistance is between the axis and the force, fulcrum resistance force, a wheel barrow

Class three lever

Force is between axis and resistance, resistance force fulcrum, fishing

Type of action of class one lever

Elbow extension, triceps are the force olecrannon fulcrum and forearm resistance

Action of class two lever

Plantar flexion, ball of foot is axis calves provide force body weight is the resistance

Action of class three lever

Bicep flexion, elbow is the axis biceps is force hand is the resistance

Centric force

Forces directed through the centre of mass of an object , centric forces cause translation, linear movement

Eccentric forces

Force directed at a distance from the centre of mass, cause translation and rotation

Force couples

Paired eccentric force of equal magnitude and opposite direction, at equal distances on opposite sides causing pure rotation

What is torque

Rotational effect of an eccentric force

What is arthrokinematics

The motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints, concave convex relationship

Three fundamental arthrokinematics

Roll slide and spin