AWS Flashcards
Which service gives you the ability to set custom budgets that alert you when your costs or usage exceed (or are forecasted to exceed) your budgeted amount?
AWS Budgets
What service has an easy-to-use interface that lets you visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time?
AWS Cost Explorer
What service provides threat detection and continuous monitoring for malicious activity and unauthorized behavior to protect your AWS accounts and workloads?
AWS GuardDuty
What service is a fully-managed data security and data privacy service that uses machine learning and pattern matching to discover and protect your sensitive data in AWS? It also provides an inventory of S3 buckets that are public, unencrypted, or shared with AWS accounts outside the ones defined in your AWS organizations, which it can alert for sensitive data such as PII.
Amazon Macie
What is the default configuration of the default NACL?
Allow
What is the default configuration of a custom NACL?
Deny
What service can you use to create and provide trusted users with temporary short term security credentials that can control access to your AWS resources? This provides access to your AWS resources to your users, without having to define an AWS identity for them.
AWS Security Token Service (STS)
Is Redshift appropriate for handling session state of a web application?
No, it is a data warehouse
What is the easiest way to reliably load streaming data into data lakes, data stores, and analytics tools? It can capture, transform, and load streaming data into Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Elasticsearch Service, and Splunk, enabling near-real-time analytics with existing business intelligence tools and dashboards you’re already using today. It is a fully-managed service. It can also batch, compress, transform, and encrypt the data before loading it.
Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
How is Kinesis Data Firehose different from Kinesis Data Streams?
It takes more work to set up Data Streams, but Firehose transfers into fewer places.
Where can Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose transfer information into?
S3<br></br>Redshift<br></br>Elasticsearch<br></br>Splunk
Ignoring cost, which Disaster Recovery plan has a better RTO and RPO? Warm standby, or Backup and Restore?
Warm Standby
What is RT in disaster recovery?
Recovery time - How fast the system is back up
What is RP in disaster recovery?
Recovery point - How much data is recovered
What can you do with an EBS volume while taking a snapshot of it?
Anything. It can be used normally.
What is a “warm attach” of an ENI?
Attaching it to an instance while it’s stopped.
What is a “hot attach” of an ENI?
Attaching it to an instance while it’s running.
What is a “cold attach” of an ENI?
Attaching it to an instance while it’s being launched.
Suppose you want a CFT to work in multiple regions, and therefore need to set the AMI based on the region. What’s a good way to do that?
Use a mapping, taking the region as a key and AMI as the value.
How could you implement synchronous data replication for an RDS database to meet a disaster recovery plan’s RTO?
RDS Multi-AZ deployments. When you provision an instance of one, RDS creates a primary DB instance and sychronously replicates the data to standby instances in different AZs. If the primary fails, it automatically falls over to a standby instance, while keeping the same endpoint.
Which DR plan optimizes RT with cost not being a major factor? Multi-site, Warm Standby, Pilot Light, or Backup and Restore?
Multi-Site. By having identical infrastructure in both places, you spend more money but have optimal RT.
Does RDS multi-region exist?
No
Does RDS multi-AZ exist?
Yes
What DNS records need to be made at the zone apex to point to the DNS name of an ALB?
Alias with A and AAAA type record sets
How long does multi-AZ RDS take to failover from one AZ to another?
One to two minutes
You have an ALB pointed at an autoscaling group of EC2 instance.<br></br><br></br>What action does an ALB take if an EC2 instance fails a health check?
The ALB stops sending traffic to the instance.
What is the Backup and Restore DR plan?
Taking snapshots of data, and restoring from them in an incident.
What are the benefits of the Backup and Restore DR plan?
It’s cheap.
What is the Pilot Light DR plan?
Keeping the critical elements of a system ready to scale up. This gets rid of the time spent creating initial infrastructure.
What are the drawbacks of the Backup and Restore DR plan?
It takes the longest time to recover.
What is the Warm Standby DR plan?
Keeping a scaled-down version of a fully functional environment always running.
What is the Multi-site DR plan?
Having a one-one copy of your infrastructure in another region or AZ.
What are the four different DR plan types?
Backup & Restore<br></br>Pilot Light<br></br>Warm Standby<br></br>Multi-Site
Your team has provisioned Auto Scaling Groups in a single Region. The Auto Scaling Group at max capacity would total 40 EC2 instances between them. However, you notice that the Auto Scaling Groups will only scale out to a portion of that number of instances at any one time. What could be the problem?
There is a vCPU-based on-demand instance limit per region.
What is an IAM group?
An IAM group is a collection of IAM users. They let you specify permissions for multiple users.
Where are point-in-time snapshots of EBS volumes stored?
S3
Which would be faster, a point-in-time EBS volume snapshot, or copying their data to s3 manually?
The snapshot.
Can SNS send emails?
Yes
Can you send cloudwatch alerts through SES?
No, SES is for sending communications via email, not for cloudwatch notification. Use SNS instead.
The allowed block size in VPC is between a /?? netmask and /?? netmask
/16 (65536 IP addresses) and /28 (16 IP addresses)
When you create a subnet, is it automatically associated with the main route table for the VPC?
Yes
To enable the connection to a service running on an instance, the associated NACL must allow both inbound traffic on the service port as well as outbound traffic from ____
Ephemeral ports. When a client connects to a server, a random port from the ephemeral port range becomes the client’s source port.
What is DAX?
DynamoDB accelerator is a fully managed, highly available, in-memory cache for DynamoDB. It provides an in-memory cache that delivers up to 10x performance improvement from milliseconds to microseconds or even at millions of requests per second.
What is AWS Backup?
AWS Backup is a centralized backup service that makes it easy and cost-effective for you to backup your application data across AWS services in the AWS Cloud, helping you meet your business and regulatory backup compliance requirements.
What is the maximum retention period for an RDS automated backup?
35 days
Is it possible to create an active-active failover with one primary and one secondary resource in route53?
No, because active-active means sending traffic to both endpoints.
Will stopping an EC2 instance detach its ENI (elastic network interface)?
No
Will stopping an EC2 instance disassociate an Elastic IP address from it?
No
Why would you use AWS Storage gateway over Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, for a hybrid cloud’s SMB share with low-latency access to data in AWS for on-premises applications?
AWS Storage Gateway supports local caching without any development overhead.
Can you make a DynamoDB table globally accessible in all regions?
Yes, via global tables.
Is autoscaling enabled by default for dynamodb tables created using the aws CLI?
No
Do RDS read replicas provide synchronous or asynchronous replication?
Asynchronous
How big of a range does 10.0.0.0/32 refer to?
A single IP address
What is a VPC endpoint?
An endpoint that lets you connect between a VPC and an AWS service (like s3).
Which type of s3 VPC endpoint is billed, Gateway or Interface?
Interface endpoint
Which type of s3 VPC endpoint allows access from a VPC in another region, using VPC peering or AWS Transit Gateway? Interface, or Gateway
Interface endpoint
Which type of s3 VPC endpoint allows access from on premises? Interface, or Gateway?
Interface
Which type of s3 VPC endpoint uses Amazon S3 public IP addresses? Gateway, or Interface
Gateway
Which type of S3 VPC endpoint uses private IP addresses from your VPC to access Amazon S3? Gateway or Interface?
Interface
Will you be billed for a spot instance when it’s preparing to stop with a ‘stopping’ state?
No
Will you be billed when your on-demand instance is preparing to hibernate with a stopping state?
Yes
Is it a valid DDOS prevention measure, to add multiple Elastic Fabric Adapters (EFA,) to EC2 instances to increase network bandwidth.
You can only attach one EFA per EC2 instance, and they’re for performance improvement, not DDoS prevention.
How can you get data out of S3 Glacier quickly?
Purchase provisioned retrieval capacity, and use an Expedited retrieval.