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AWS Cloud Practitioner - My Study > AWS Core Services > Flashcards

AWS Core Services Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways to interact with AWS

A
  • Console: Users can leverage their browser to configure resources
  • Command line interface (CLI) : Command line access for administering AWS resources
  • Software Deveopment Kit (SDK) : Programmatic access to manage AWS resources
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2
Q

What is the AWS Management Console?

A

A web and app based interface for interacting with most all of the 150+ AWS services. All major browsers and mobile operating systems are supported.

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3
Q

What is the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)?

A

Tool to manage your use of AWS services from the command line on Windows, Mac, and Linux. Most every task that can be done in the console can be done in with the CLI.

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4
Q

What is AWS Software Developer Kit (SDK)?

A

Programming language-specific resources that allow you to interact with AWS services via code. This approach enables you to automate many aspects of how you interact with the platform.

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5
Q

Languages are supported for the SDK

A
  • Java
  • .NET
  • Node.js
  • PHP
  • JavaScript(Browser)
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • Go
  • C++
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6
Q

Roger’s company runs several production workloads in AWS

They have a new web application that manages digital assets for marketing

They need to automatically create a user account in Amazon Cognito on sign-up

They want this step seamlessly integrated into the application

Which interaction method would Roger’s company use for this?

A

Solution: Software Development Kit (SDK)

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7
Q

Eliza’s company is considering transitioning to AWS

They want to leverage Amazon Relational Database Service

Eliza wants to test out a single database on the service

What interaction method would Eliza use for this use case?

A

Solution: AWS Console

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8
Q

Jennifer’s company is a startup

They created a social network for entrepreneurs with a web and mobile app

Jennifer has a set of tasks she needs to run on AWS each day to generate reports

What interaction method would Jennifer use for this use case?

A

Solution: Command Line Interface (CLI)

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9
Q

3 Compute Services on AWS

A
  • EC2: Provides secure and resizable virtual servers on AWS
  • Elastic Beanstalk: Platform for scaling and deploying web apps and services
  • Lambda: Enables compute without managing servers
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10
Q

What is Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)?

A

A web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.

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11
Q

EC2 Instance Types

A 
Defines the processor, memory, and storage type
Cannot be changed without downtime
Provided in the following categories
- General purpose
- Compute, memory, and storage optimized
- Accelerated computing
Pricing is based on instance type
Some instance types have unique capabilities
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12
Q

What is the EC2 Instance Store?

A

Ephemeral storage that is physically attached to the host the virtual server is running on

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13
Q

What is Elastic Block Store (EBS)?

A

Persistent storage that exists separately from the host the virtual server is running on

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14
Q

Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

A
  • Template for an EC2 instance including configuration, operating system, and data
  • AWS provides many AMI’s that can be leveraged
  • AMI’s can be shared across AWS accounts
  • Custom AMI’s can be created based on your configuration
  • Commercial AMI’s are available in the AWS Marketplace
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15
Q

3 EC2 Purchase Options

A
  • On-Demand
    You pay by the second for the instances that are launched
  • Reserved
    You purchase at a discount instances in advance for 1-3 years
  • Spot
    You can leverage unused EC2 capacity in a region for a large discount
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16
Q

Reserved Instance Cost Model

A
  • All Upfront
    Entire cost for the 1 or 3 year period is paid upfront. (Maximum Savings)
  • Partial Upfront
    Part of 1 or 3 year cost is paid upfront along with a reduced monthly cost.
  • No Upfront
    No upfront payment is made, but there will be a reduced monthly cost. (Minimum Upfront Cost)
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17
Q

Spot Instances

A

Can provide up to 90% discount over on-demand pricing

There is a market price for instance types per availability zone called the Spot price

When you request instances, if your bid is higher than Spot price they will launch

If the Spot price grows to exceed your bid, the instances will be terminated

Spot instances can be notified 2 minutes prior to termination

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18
Q

EC2 Purchase: If you have an instance that is consistent and always needed, you
should leverage what kind of purchase?

A

A Reserved Instance

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19
Q

EC2 Purchase: If you have batch processing where the process can start and stop without affecting the job, you should leverage what kind of purchase?

A

Spot Instance

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20
Q

EC2 Purchase: If you have an inconsistent need for instances that cannot be stopped without affecting the job, you should leverage what kind of purchase?

A

On-Demand Instance

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21
Q

What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?

A
  • Automates the process of deploying and scaling workloads on EC2 (PaaS)
  • Supports a specific set of technologies
  • Leverages existing AWS services
  • Only pay for the other services you leverage
  • Handles provisioning, load balancing, scaling, and monitoring
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22
Q

What are the Application platforms supported by AWS Elastic Beanstalk?

A
  • Java
  • .NET
  • PHP
  • Node.js
  • Python
  • Ruby
  • Go
  • Docker
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23
Q

What is the use case for AWS Elastic Beanstalk?

A
  • Deploy an application with minimal knowledge of other services
  • Reduce the overall maintenance needed for the application
  • Few customizations are required
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24
Q

What is AWS Lambda?

A
  • Enables the running of code without provisioning infrastructure
  • Only charged for usage based on execution time
  • Can configure available memory from 128 MB to 3008 MB
  • Integrates with many AWS services
  • Enables event-driven workflows
  • Primary service for serverless architecture
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25
Q

What are the advantages of AWS Lambda?

A
  • Reduced maintenance requirements
  • Enables fault tolerance without additional work
  • Scales based on demand
  • Pricing is based on usage
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26
Q

Sylvia’s company is in the process of moving multiple workloads into AWS

One workload is an application that will be leveraged for at least 5 more years

The organization is looking to be as cost efficient as possible for its EC2 usage

What EC2 purchase option should be chosen for this application?

A

Solution: All Upfront Reserved - 3 Years

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27
Q

Edward is looking to deploy his PHP web application to a virtual server

He doesn’t have experience managing EC2 instances on AWS

He needs the ability to scale this application to meet user demand

What is the best compute option for Edward based on this criteria?

A

Solution: AWS Elastic Beanstalk

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28
Q

Cindy’s company is transitioning to the cloud for its data processing workloads

These workloads happen daily and can start or stop without a problem

This workload will be leveraged for at least one year

What EC2 purchase option would be the most cost efficient choice?

A

Solution: Spot Instances

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29
Q

What is the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

A

A logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define.

Supports IPv4 and IPv6

Supports public & private subnets

Can utilize NAT for private subnets

Enables a connection to your data center

Can connect to other VPC’s

Supports private connections to many AWS services

Allows for configuration of:

  • IP address range
  • Subnets
  • Route tables
  • Network gateways
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30
Q

What is AWS Direct Connect?

A

A cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your data center to AWS.

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31
Q

Amazon Route 53

A
  • Domain name service (DNS)
  • Global AWS service (not regional)
  • Highly available
  • Enables global resource routing
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32
Q

What is Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)

A

Distributes traffic across multiple targets

Integrates with EC2, ECS, and Lambda

Supports one or more AZ’s in a region

Three types of load balancers:

  • Application Load Balancer (ALB)
  • Network Load Balancer (NLB)
  • Classic Load Balancer
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33
Q

What are the types of scaling on Amazon EC2?

A

Vertical Scaling
You “scale up” your instance type to a larger instance type with additional resources

Horizontal Scaling
You “scale out” and add additional instances to handle the demand of your application

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34
Q

Amazon CloudFront

A

Content delivery network (CDN)

Enables users to get content from server closest to them

Supports static and dynamic content

Utilizes AWS edge locations

Includes advanced security features

  • AWS Shield for DDoS
  • AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF)
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35
Q

What is the Amazon API Gateway?

A

Fully managed API management service

Directly integrates with multiple AWS services

Provides monitoring & metrics on API calls

Supports VPC and on-premise private applications

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36
Q

Jane’s company maintains two corporate data centers

They want their data centers to work alongside AWS for specific workloads

She is wondering if there is a way to have a persistent connection to AWS

What service from AWS would you recommend her company implement?

A

Solution: AWS Direct Connect

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37
Q

Tim’s company serves content through their site to users around the globe

They are looking to optimize performance to users around the world

They want to leverage a Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Which service would enable optimized performance globally for their content?

A

Solution: Amazon CloudFront

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38
Q

Ellen’s company has an internal application that runs on an EC2 server

Currently there is downtime as demand is greater than capacity for the server

Ellen is trying to decide if she should use bigger servers or more servers

Which scaling approach would you recommend and what services should they use?

A

Solution: Horizontal Scaling using Elastic Load Balancing

39
Q

Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

A

Stores files as objects in buckets

Provides different storage classes for different use cases

Stores data across multiple availability zones

Enables URL access for files

Offers configurable rules for data lifecycle

Can serve as a static website host

40
Q

What are the Four S3 Non-archival storage classes?

A 
S3 Standard is the default storage class and is for
frequently accessed data
S3 Intelligent-Tiering will move your data to the correct
storage class based on usage

S3 Standard-Infrequent-Access(IA) is for infrequently accessed data with the standard resilience

S3 One Zone-IA is for infrequently access data that
is only stored in one AZ

41
Q

S3 Intelligent Tiering Storage Class

A

Automatically moves files based on access

Moves between frequent and infrequent access

Same performance as S3-Standard

42
Q

S3 Lifecycle Policies

A

Objects in a bucket can transition or expire based on your criteria

Transitions can enable objects to move to another storage class based on time

Expiration can delete objects based on age

Policies can also factor in versions of a specific object in the bucket

43
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Feature that can be enabled per bucket that allows for optimized uploading of data using the AWS Edge Locations as a part of Amazon CloudFront.

44
Q

What are the two S3 Archival storage classes?

A

S3 Glacier

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

45
Q

S3 Glacier

A

Designed for archival data

90 day minimum storage duration change

Can be retrieved in either minutes or hours

You pay a retrieval fee per GB retrieved

Over 5 times less expensive than S3 Standard storage class

46
Q

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A

Designed for archival data

180 day minimum storage duration change

Can be retrieved in hours

You pay a retrieval fee per GB retrieved Over 23 times less expensive than S3 Standard storage class

47
Q

What are the two Amazon EC2 File Storage Services?

A

Amazon EBS
Persistent block storage for use with Amazon EC2

Amazon EFS
Elastic file system for use with Linux-based workloads

48
Q

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A

Block storage designed to be connected to a single EC2 instance that can scale to support petabytes of data and supports multiple volume types based on need.

Enables redundancy within an AZ

Allows users to take snapshots of its data

Offers encryption of its volumes

49
Q

What are the EBS Volume Types?

A

General Purpose SSD is a cost effective type designed
for general workloads

Provisioned IOPS SSD high performance volume for low
latency applications

Throughput Optimized HDD is designed for frequently
accessed data

Cold HDD is designed for less frequently accessed
workloads

50
Q

Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)

A

Fully managed NFS file system

Designed for Linux workloads

Supports up to petabyte scale

Stores data across multiple AZ’s

Provides two different storage classes

  • Standard
  • Infrequent access

Provides configurable lifecycle data rules

51
Q

Amazon FSx for Windows File Server

A

Fully managed native Windows file system

Includes native Windows features including

  • SMB support
  • Active Directory integration
  • Windows NTFS

Utilizes SSD drives for low latency

52
Q

AWS Large Scale Data Transfer Services

A

AWS Snowball
Service to physically migrate petabyte scale data to AWS

AWS Snowmobile
Service to physically migrate exabyte scale data onto AWS

53
Q

AWS Snowball

A

Designed for large-scale data transfer

Supports petabyte scale transfer

Physical device is delivered by AWS

You connect the Snowball to your network and upload your data

Device is returned by local carrier

AWS receives device and loads your data into S3

54
Q

AWS Snowmobile

A

Designed for large-scale data transfer

Supports exabyte scale transfer

Ruggedized shipping container is delivered to your location

AWS sets up a connection to your network

You load your data on the Snowmobile

AWS will load data into S3 when the container is received at an AWS location

55
Q

Elaine launched a site that offers daily tutorials for developers

She uses S3 to store the assets needed per tutorial

These assets are very popular within the week the tutorial is launched

After this initial week, these assets are rarely accessed

How could Elaine reduce her S3 costs while maintaining durability?

A

Solution: S3 lifecycle rules with S3-Standard IA storage class

56
Q

Esteban works for a social networking company and they are moving to AWS

They have 2 PB of user-generated content that they need to migrate

Esteban is trying to determine if there is a faster than uploading over the internet

Would there be another approach you would recommend for Esteban’s company?

A

Solution: AWS Snowball

57
Q

Emily works for a company that produces a messaging app

She is looking for a shared file system between 8 different Linux EC2 instances

The file system would need to support roughly 1 PB of data

What approach would you recommend for Emily?

A

Solution: Amazon Elastic File System

58
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Feature that can be enabled per bucket that allows for

optimized uploading of data using the AWS Edge Locations as a part of Amazon CloudFront

59
Q

Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)

A

Fully managed service for relational databases

Handles provisioning, patching, backup, and recovery of your database

Supports deployment across multiple availability zones (multi-AZ)

Some platforms support read replicas

Launches into a VPC

Provides both general purpose SSD and provisioned IOPS SSD drive options

60
Q

Amazon RDS Platforms

A 
MySQL
PostgresSQL
MariaDB
Oracle Database
SQL Server
Amazon Aurora
61
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

a MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational
database built for the cloud, that combines the performance and availability of traditional enterprise databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open source databases

62
Q

Amazon Database Migration Service (DMS)

A

Enables you to move data into AWS from existing databases

Supports both one time and continual migration of data

Supports many popular commercial and open source databases

Only pay for compute leveraged in the migration process

63
Q

Amazon DynamoDB

A

Fully managed NoSQL database service

Provides both key-value and document database

Enables extremely low latency at virtually any scale

Supports automated scaling based on configuration

Offers in-memory cache with the DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)

Supports over 10 Trillion requests per day

Supports peaks of more than 20 Million requests per second.

64
Q

DynamoDB Use Cases

A

Scale without excessive maintenance

Serverless applications

Implementations where low latency is key

Data models without BLOB storage

65
Q

Amazon Elasticache

A

Fully managed in-memory data stores

Supports both Memcached and Redis

Provides low latency in response times

Enables scaling and replicas to meet application demand

Handles common use cases including

  • Database layer caching
  • Session storage
66
Q

Amazon Redshift

A

Scalable data warehouse service

Supports PETABYTE scale warehousing of data

Leverages high performance disks and columnar storage

Offers the ability to fully encrypt contents

Provides isolation with a VPC

67
Q

Jennifer is an IT executive in a financial services company

They are transitioning their data warehouse to AWS for analysis

The data warehouse would need to support up to 2 PB of data

Which approach would you recommend for Jennifer?

A

Solution: Amazon Redshift

68
Q

Sam is a DevOps engineer at a tech company

Sam needs to launch a MySQL database for a new web application

They need to have direct access to the virtual server that MySQL is running on

What approach would you recommend for Sam’s company?

A

Solution: EC2 (this is a tricky question) - he’s looking for IaaS capabilities, not PaaS capabilities or SaaS

69
Q

Frank is the CTO at a gaming company

They are trying to determine how to store realtime user analytics

They need low latency and the ability to scale to handle up to 1 million players

Frank wants to minimize the amount of time it takes to maintain the DB

Which AWS approach would you recommend for Frank?

A

Solution: DynamoDB

70
Q

What are the 3 Cloud Computing Models?

A

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - allowing for maximum control with all of the maintenance. Example of this would be running a DB on an EC2 instance.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) - Allowing for some control while reducing maintenance. An example of this would be Relational Database Service (RDS).

Software as a Service (SaaS) - Leveraging the low maintenance aspect. an example would be DynamoDB, Elasticache or Redshift

71
Q

Redshift Spectrum

A

Scalable data warehouse service

Supports EXABYTE scale warehousing of data

Leverages high performance disks and columnar storage

Offers the ability to fully encrypt contents

Provides isolation with a VPC

72
Q

Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS)

A

Fully managed pub/sub messaging service

Enables you to create decoupled applications

Organized according to topics

Integrates with multiple AWS services

Provides end user notifications across SMS, email, and push notifications

73
Q

Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)

A

Fully managed message queue service

Enables you to build decoupled and fault tolerant applications

Supports up to 256 KB data payload

Allows messages to be stored up to 14 days

Provides two types of queues

  • Standard queue
  • FIFO queue (first in first out)
74
Q

AWS Step Functions

A

Enables orchestration of workflows through a fully managed service

Supports serverless architectures

Can support complex workflows including error handling

Charged per state transition along with the other AWS services leveraged

Workflows are defined using Amazon States Language

75
Q

AWS Step Function Integrations

A
  • Compute services
  • Database services
  • Messaging services
  • Data processing services
  • Machine learning services
76
Q

Ruth started a non-profit that assigns volunteers to opportunities

Recently their database server went down and users were unable to signup

While the situation is better, there is still some downtime expected in the future

She wants to explore an AWS service that could prevent lost user signups

What service would you recommend to Ruth?

A

Solution: Simple Queue Service (SQS)

77
Q

Jessi created a list of onboarding steps for new customers for their new app

These steps detail integrations with their CRM, emails to the user, and analytics

Jessi is worried about the time it will take to build all of this from scratch

Is there an AWS service that can help with this approach?

A

Solution: AWS Step Functions

78
Q

Roger’s company is an eCommerce company building a custom platform

They are still adding new functionality

He wants aspects of the platform to listen for events like orders and refunds

They don’t yet know all of the elements that would need to respond to events

Is there a service that would allow current and future parts of the platform to listen for these events?

A

Solution: Simple Notification Service (SNS)

79
Q

With AWS Step Functions, how is it charged?

A

You are charged per state transition

80
Q

AWS Step Functions, workflows are defined using what language?

A

Amazon States Language

81
Q

AWS CloudTrail

A

Inserts audit trail in an S3 bucket or into CloudWatch Logs

Logs events in the regions in which they occur

Meets many compliance requirements for infrastructure auditing

As a best practice, it should be enabled on every AWS account

Can be consolidated into an Organizational trail using AWS Organizations

82
Q

AWS CloudTrail Use Cases

A

Compliance requirement

Forensic analysis

Operational analysis

Troubleshooting

83
Q

Amazon CloudWatch

A

Monitoring and management service

Collects logs, metrics, and events from most AWS services

Enables alarms based on metrics

Provides visualization capabilities for metrics

Allows for custom dashboards based on collected metrics

84
Q

AWS Config

A

AWS Config is a fully managed service that provides you with an AWS resource inventory, configuration history, and configuration change notifications to enable security and governance. With AWS Config you can discover existing AWS resources, export a complete inventory of your AWS resources with all configuration details, and determine how a resource was configured at any point in time. These capabilities enable compliance auditing, security analysis, resource change tracking, and troubleshooting.

Provides configuration history for infrastructure

Works against rules that you can customize or even create custom validations

Includes conformance packs for compliance standards including PCI-DSS

Can work with AWS Organizations for both cross-region and cross-account setup

Provides remediation steps for infrastructure not meeting criteria

85
Q

AWS Systems Manager

A

Provides multiple tools that make it easier to manage your AWS infrastructure

Enables automation tasks for common maintenance actions

Gives a secure way to access servers using only AWS credentials

Stores commonly used parameters securely for operational use

86
Q

AWS CloudFormation

A

Managed service for provisioning infrastructure based on templates

No additional charge

Templates can be YAML or JSON

Enables infrastructure as code

Manages dependencies between resources

Provides drift detection to find changes in your infrastructure

87
Q

AWS Organizations

A

Allows organizations to manage multiple accounts under a single master account

Provides organizations with the ability to leverage Consolidated Billing for all accounts

Enables organizations to centralize logging and security standards across accounts

88
Q

AWS Control Tower

A

A service to create a multi-account environment on AWS that follows the recommended best practices in operational efficiency, security, and governance.

Centralizes users across all AWS accounts

Provides a way to create new AWS accounts based on templates

Integrates Guardrails for accounts

Includes a dashboard to gain operational insights from a single view

89
Q

Can I use Control Tower to meet industry compliance standards (such as HIPAA, PCI, SOC-1, SOC-2)?

A

Out-of-the-box guardrails offered by AWS Control Tower are not intended to meet regulatory compliance standards (such as HIPAA, PCI, SOC-1, SOC-2).

90
Q

Elliott is an operations engineer at a financial services company

He recently discovered that someone had disabled a security setting on a server

He is concerned that events like this might go unnoticed until a breach

Which service would allow the organization to continually track configuration of infrastructure?

A

Solution: AWS Config

91
Q

James is the lead architect at a SaaS company

They will be launching a new application that includes several components

He is looking to minimize manual work required when creating infrastructure

What service would enable James to automate much of this effort?

A

Solution: AWS CloudFormation

92
Q

Candace is the CTO at a manufacturing company

A cloud server needed to support their manufacturing process was deleted

They want to make sure the follow up with the person who deleted this instance

Which service could show the individual that deleted this specific server?

A

Solution: AWS CloudTrail

93
Q

Where does CloudTrail store the audit trails?

A

S3 bucket or into CloudWatch Logs

AWS Cloud Practitioner - My Study (4 decks)

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