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Awful Class > Awful Class Final > Flashcards

Awful Class Final Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Birth defect where there is no brain because the anterior neuropore did not close?

A

Prosanencephaly

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2
Q

CNS birth defect where no lumbar cord present because posterior neuropore did not close

A

Myeloschesis

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3
Q

CNS birth defect w/ non-functional swollen lumbar cord due to late closure of posterior neuropore

A

Myelomeningocoele

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4
Q

CNS birth defect where the laminae of vertebrae do not meet

A

spina bifida

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5
Q

W/ happens to conduction speed with increasing axon and myelin thickness and internodal distance?

A

Conduction speed increases

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6
Q

Role of Schwann cells

A
  1. Insulate peripheral nerves

2. Support regeneration of cut axon

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7
Q

Examples of NEURONS

A
  1. Axons
  2. Peripheral & (in sensory neurons) - Central processes
  3. Tau
  4. Transmitter vesicles
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8
Q

What cell insulates axons in CNS and prevents regeneration of cut axons?

A

Oligodendrocyte (40%)

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9
Q

What cell type directs blood flow, scavenges K+ at synapse, and creates glymphatic space during sleep?

A

Astrocytes (45%)

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10
Q

What are brain macrophages?

A

Microglia

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11
Q

What is the role of microglia?

A

Toll-like receptors

IL-1

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12
Q

What does the substantia gelatinosa contain?

A

protopathic synapses

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13
Q

What does the intermediolateral nucleus contain?

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

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14
Q

What does the medial motor nucleus contain?

A

LMN for trunk muscles

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15
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

Everything EXCEPT:

  1. ) Posterior funiculus
  2. ) Substantia gelatinosa
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16
Q

What does the dorsal thoracic nucleus contain?

A

secondary neurons for muscle stretch

17
Q

What is the origin of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

Dorsal thoracic nucleus

18
Q

What is the Lateral spinothalamic tract responsible for?

A

Protopathic sensation from opposite side (contralateral side)

19
Q

Where are the primary sensory neurons located?

A

Dorsal root ganglia (aka spinal ganglia)

20
Q

What is the Lateral motor nuclei root levels?

A

C5-C8

L2-S3

21
Q

What are the lateral motor nuclei responsible for?

A

lower motor neurons for ipsilateral arm & leg

22
Q

What are 3 diseases of the spinal cord?

A
  1. ) Tertiary syphilis - Tabes dorsalis
  2. ) B12 polyneuropathy
  3. ) Multiple Sclerosis
23
Q

What happens with tertiary syphilis (tabes dorsalis)?

A

Wasting of fasciculus gracilis –> Loss of proprioception in legs

24
Q

What happens with B12 polyneuropathy?

A

Demyelination starting w/ fasciculus gracilis

25
Q

What happens with multiple sclerosis?

A

Myelin autoimmunity –> Random loss of spinal tracts

26
Q

What is the cuneate and gracile nuclei responsible for?

A

general somatic sensory

27
Q

How do we receive epicritic sensation from the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia?

A

Via cuneate (arm) & gracile (leg) tracts

28
Q

Where do the cuneate and gracile nuclei project to?

A

Ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus

29
Q

How do the cuneate and gracile nuclei project to the ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus?

A

via internal arcuate fibers and CONTRALATERAL medial lemniscus

30
Q

What is the posterior spinocerebellar tract responsible for?

A

carrying info on muscle stretch in leg from ipsilateral dorsal thoracic nucleus

31
Q

What is the principal contributor to the restiform body?

A

posterior spinocerebellar tract

32
Q

Where does the posterior spinocerebellar tract synapse?

A

on the cortex of the anterior lobe of cerebellum

33
Q

What is the accessory (lateral) cuneate nucleus responsible for?

A

Receiving muscle stretch info from arm via superficial fibers in tractus cuneatus

34
Q

Which tract joins to form the restiform body?

A

Cuneocerebellar tract

35
Q

Where does the cuneocerebellar tract synapse?

A

On the cortex of the anterior lobe of cerebellum

36
Q

What makes up the Anterolateral System?

A
  1. ) Lateral spinothalamic tract + fellow travelers
  2. ) Axons of secondary neurons in contralateral nucleus proprius of spinal cord
  3. ) Axons of secondary neurons crossed in anterior white commissure of spinal cord
37
Q

What is the Anterolateral system responsible for?

A

carrying protopathic sensation from opposite limbs to ipsilateral VPL thalamic nucleus

38
Q

Where is the posterior pain pathway (inflammation) located?

A

In medial edge of fasciculus gracilis

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