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Principles IV > Awarness During Anesthesia- PPT -josh > Flashcards

Awarness During Anesthesia- PPT -josh Flashcards

1
Q

What is “ the state of being conscious; awareness of one’s own existence, sensation, thoughts, surroundings, etc”

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

What is “ having knowledge,conscious, cognizant”

A

Awarness

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3
Q

what % of Pt’s are concerned that they would not be asleep during their surgery

A

> 50%

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4
Q

For the anesthetists, _____ under anesthesia rancks second only to death as a “dreaded” complication

A

awareness

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5
Q

Which sx’s have the highest incidence of awareness during anesthesia?

A

Trauma (11-43%)

OB (c/s)- 11.8%-1968 / 0.9% 1991

Cardiac 1977 5.8% / 0.3% 1998

General 1.2% 1960 / 0.11-0.16% 2000

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6
Q

what are the 5 most common pt perceptions of awareness

A
  1. Sounds and conversations 89-100%
  2. Sensation of paralysis 85%
  3. Anxiety and panic
  4. helplessness and powerless
  5. pain 39%
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7
Q

What are 3 of the least common pt perceptions of awareness?

A
  1. Visual perceptions
  2. Intubation or tube
  3. Feeling the oporation w/o pain
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8
Q

what are the 2 main after-effects of awareness during general anesthesia?

A
  • mental after-effects
  • Medico-legal After-effects
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9
Q

the cause of the mental after-effects of awareness can be caused by 37% of pt’s being responded to by healthcare professionals in what 3 ways r/t thier reports of awareness

A
  • Disbelief
  • Ignorance
  • Anger
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10
Q

14% of pt’s w/ awareness were told that their awareness was what?

A
  • just a bad dream
  • All in your imagination
  • Were medicated or hallucinating
  • had a 7th sense
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11
Q

what are some of the after-effects of surgical awareness

A
  • Sleep disturbances (fear of falling asleep)
  • Repetitive nightmares (54%)
  • Anxiety and panic (55%)
  • Depression
  • Flashbacks
  • Avoidance of medical care
  • Preoccupation of death
  • PTSD (14.3% to 22%)
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12
Q

what are the medico-legal after-effects of awareness?

A

very large compensations

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13
Q

what are risk factors for awareness?

A
  • No volatile used
  • Female
  • OB/GYN procedure
  • Opioid only
  • Muscle relaxants
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14
Q

what are main causes/factors of awareness?

A
  1. Light anesthesia
  2. malchine malfunction or misuse of tech
  3. Increased anesthestic requirements
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15
Q

main causes/factors of awareness

what are the causes of light anesthesia

A
  • N2O/opioid/relaxant anesthesia
  • Myocardial depression
  • hypovolemia
  • C-section
  • Difficult intubation
  • Premature d/c of anesthestic
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16
Q

main causes/factors of awareness

what are causes of machine malfunction or misuse

A
  • Failure to check equip
  • Vaporizer and circuit leaks
  • IV infusion errors
  • Accidental adm of muscle relaxant to awake pt
17
Q

main causes/factors of awareness

what are causes of increased anesthestic requirement?

A
  • Varibility of anesthestic requirement for IV agent
  • chronic ETOH, opoid, and cocaine abuse
18
Q

what are 10 ways to prevent awareness?

A
  1. Amnestic premeds
  2. Vigilance w/ equip and monitoring
  3. Minimize complete Neuromuscular blockade
  4. Supplement N2O/opioid anesthesia w/ volatile anesthesia
  5. Maintain 0.8-1.0 MAC of a potent VAA itself
  6. Administer adequate dose of induction drug
  7. Obtain informed consent for high risk pt’s
  8. Mask auditory input
  9. Provide education
  10. Monitor for awareness
19
Q

what is the best way to detect awareness?

A
  • Structured postoperative interview
20
Q

what are 5 great questions to ask during your potop awareness interview questioning

A
  1. What is the last thing you remember b4 going to sleep for the operation?
  2. what is teh first thing you remember after waking up after the operation?
  3. Do you remember anything between?
  4. Did you have any dreams?
  5. What was the most unpleasant thing you remember from your operation and anesthesia?
21
Q

what are some clinical signs of awareness (AKA light anesthesia) and unreliable

A
  • Sympathetic activities:
  • Increased HR
  • Increased BP
  • sweating
  • pupillary dilation
  • Lacrimation
22
Q

main causes/factors of awareness

what are some ways to monitor for awareness?

A
  • ISOLATED FOREARM TECH
  • EEG
  • BIS
    AEP

IFT: the isolated forearm technique was originally described by Tunstall in obstetric anaesthesia. A tourniquet is applied to the patient’s upper arm and inflated above systolic blood pressure, before the administration of muscle relaxants. Movement of the arm, either spontaneously or to command, indicated wakefulness, although not necessarily explicit awareness. At 15 - 20 minutes the anaesthetist lets the tourniquet down, and may then reinflate it if further muscle relaxant is required. Some would argue that response to command during surgery is a late sign when attempting to prevent awareness; however, not all patients responding have any recall.

23
Q

what are 5 ways to manage a pt w/awareness

A
  1. Detailed interview w/ pt
    • Verify pt’s account
    • Sympathize
    • Try to explain what happened
    • reassure about non-repetition
    • Apologize
    • Offer psychological support
  2. Record interview
  3. Informs pt’s surgeon, RN, and hospitals lawyer
  4. Visit pt daily during hospital stay and keep in contact by telephone
  5. Don’t delay referral to a psychologist or psychiatrist
24
Q

Conclusions:

Incidence of awareness in GA is ___%

A

0.1-0.2%

25
Q

Conclusions:

What is the incidence of awareness in cardiac sx

A

0.3%

26
Q

Conclusions:

lower dose of anesthestics are associated w/ ______ incidence of intra-op awareness;

A

higher

27
Q

Conclusions:

Standard physiologic monitoring is not reliable, such as AEP or BIS; however ______ signs are much more unreliable

A

Clinical

28
Q

Conclusions:

the Psychiatric after-effect of awareness renages from no effect to _____

A

PTSD

29
Q

Conclusions:

There is no evidence that any kind of ________ would affect the incidence of awareness

A
  • premedication
30
Q

Conclusions:

if prolonged laryngoscopy is required, one should not forget to add more ______ or ______

A

Induction agent

or

inhalation agent

31
Q

Conclusions:

in a critical hemodynamic situation, ____ instead of General anesthestics may be aceptable

A

BZD

32
Q

Conclusions:

to prevent awareness _____ should be used as sparingly as possible

A

NMBs

33
Q

Conclusions:

if a pt has a hx of awareness under GA, it would be wise to use a _____

A

monitor

34
Q

Conclusions:

if the pt has suffered from awareness, ________ consultation and _________ is recommended

A
  1. psychiatric
  2. Follow-up
35
Q

Conclusions:

Just a fun fact….

A

most of her conclusions were not in the main slides.. odd

36
Q

Another odd fact……

A

Wearing headphones for just an hour will increase the bacteria in your ear by 700 times

37
Q

one more for good luck

A

A duck’s quack doesn’t echo, and no one knows why

Principles IV (18 decks)

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