Aviation Employment Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

USMC Offensive Air Support (OAS) operations are divided into two major categories

A

CAS (Close Air Support)

DAS (Deep Air Support)

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2
Q

What is Offensive Air Support

A

Air operations conducted against enemy installations, facilities, and personnel to directly assist the attainment of MAGTF objectives by the destruction of enemy resources or the isolation of his military force

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3
Q

What is Deep Air Support

A

Air action against enemy targets at such a distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each mission with fire and movement of friendly forces is not required

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4
Q

What is Air Interdiction

A

Air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces at such distance

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5
Q

What is Armed Reconnaissance

A

Locating and attacking targets of opportunity, i.e., enemy material, personnel, and facilities, in assigned general areas or along assigned ground communication routes, and not for the purpose of attacking specific/located briefed targets

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6
Q

What is Strike Coordination and Reconnaissance

A

A mission flown for the purpose of acquiring and reporting deep air support targets and coordinating armed reconnaissance or air interdiction missions upon those targets

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7
Q

What is a Close Air Support

A

Air action against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of Close Air Support missions

A

Preplanned, Immediate Mission

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9
Q

What is a Preplanned Mission

A

program and planned in advance of operations

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of Preplanned Mission

A

Schedule, On-call

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11
Q

What is a schedule preplanned mission

A

Executed at a specific time against a specific target at a known location

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12
Q

What is a on call preplanned target

A

aircraft that are preloaded for a particular target or array of targets and target area and placed in an appropriate ground/air alert status

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13
Q

What is a Immediate Mission

A

Missions that arise during battle, strike unanticipated targets, and are generally urgent in nature

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of Immediate Mission

A

Divert, On-call

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15
Q

What is a divert immediate mission

A

Require aircraft be re-tasked in air via radio in order to support a different mission

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16
Q

What is a on-call immediate mission

A

Employment of aircraft from a standby status (strip alert)

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17
Q

What is Anti-air warfare

A

destroy or reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile threat

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18
Q

What are the 2 general types of AAW

A

Offensive AAW (OAAW) and Air Defense

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19
Q

What is Offensive AAW (OAAW)

A

operations conducted against enemy air or air defense systems before they can launch or assume an attacking role

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20
Q

What is Air Defense

A

Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such an attack

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21
Q

Air Defense can be broken into 2 categories

A

Active Air Defense/ Passive Air Defense

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22
Q

What is Active Air Defense

A

Direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such an attack

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23
Q

What is Passive Air Defense

A

Minimize the effects of hostile air action. These measures include the use of cover, concealment, camouflage, deception, dispersion, and protective construction

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24
Q

What is the primary purpose of AAW

A

Gain and maintain AIR SUPERIORITY

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25
Q

What are general categories of assault support

A
  • Combat Assault Support
  • Air Delivery
  • Aerial Refueling
  • Air Evacuation
  • Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel
  • Battlefield illumination
  • Air Logistical Support
  • Battlefield Illumination
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26
Q

What is a Close Air Support

A

Air action against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.

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27
Q

What are the 2 types of Close Air Support missions

A

Preplanned, Immediate Mission

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28
Q

What is a Preplanned Mission

A

program and planned in advance of operations

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29
Q

What are the 2 types of Preplanned Mission

A

Schedule, On-call

30
Q

What is a schedule preplanned mission

A

Executed at a specific time against a specific target at a known location

31
Q

What is a on call preplanned target

A

aircraft that are preloaded for a particular target or array of targets and target area and placed in an appropriate ground/air alert status

32
Q

What is a Immediate Mission

A

Missions that arise during battle, strike unanticipated targets, and are generally urgent in nature

33
Q

What are the 2 types of Immediate Mission

A

Divert, On-call

34
Q

What is a divert immediate mission

A

Require aircraft be re-tasked in air via radio in order to support a different mission

35
Q

What is a on-call immediate mission

A

Employment of aircraft from a standby status (strip alert)

36
Q

What is Anti-air warfare

A

destroy or reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile threat

37
Q

What are the 2 general types of AAW

A

Offensive AAW (OAAW) and Air Defense

38
Q

What is Offensive AAW (OAAW)

A

operations conducted against enemy air or air defense systems before they can launch or assume an attacking role

39
Q

What is Air Defense

A

Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such an attack

40
Q

Air Defense can be broken into 2 categories

A

Active Air Defense/ Passive Air Defense

41
Q

What is Active Air Defense

A

Direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such an attack

42
Q

What is Passive Air Defense

A

Minimize the effects of hostile air action. These measures include the use of cover, concealment, camouflage, deception, dispersion, and protective construction

43
Q

What is the primary purpose of AAW

A

Gain and maintain AIR SUPERIORITY

44
Q

What are general categories of assault support

A
  • Combat Assault Transport
  • Air Delivery
  • Aerial Refueling
  • Air Evacuation
  • Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel
  • Air Logistical Support
  • Battlefield Illumination
45
Q

What is the purpose of Air Reconnaissance

A

Reduce the commander’s unknown risks

46
Q

What are the 2 types of Air Reconnaissance

A

Strategic Reconnaissance and Tactical Reconnaissance

47
Q

What is Strategic Reconnaissance

A

Gathering of information, used to affect policy on the national or international level

48
Q

What is Tactical Reconnaissance

A

use of air vehicles to obtain information concerning terrain, weather, and the disposition, composition, movement, installations, lines of communications, electronic and communication emissions of enemy forces

49
Q

What 3 subsection Air Reconnaissance broken down to

A

Visual, Multi-Sensor Imagery, Electronic

50
Q

What is Visual Air Reconnaissance

A

Gathering of information by aircrew by looking through the window of the cockpit or through sensors and verbally passing what is seen to the ground forces

51
Q

What is Multi-Sensor Imagery Air Reconnaissance

A

passing of imagery from aircraft to ground forces

52
Q

What is Electronic Air Reconnaissance

A

Gathering of information on how the enemy is utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum

53
Q

What subset is Electronic Warfare consist of

A
  • Electronic Attack (EA)
  • Electronic Warfare Support (ES)
  • EP (Electronic Protection)
54
Q

What is Electronic Attack (EA)

A

Use of electromagnetic energy to determine, reduce, exploit or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum and action which retains friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum

55
Q

What is Electronic Warfare Support (ES)

A

Actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition

56
Q

What is EP (Electronic Protection)

A

Actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of EW that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability

57
Q

he principle objectives of the Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS) are to

A
  • Enhance unity of effort
  • Integrate the elements of the command and control system.
  • Disseminate common situational awareness
58
Q

What is TYPE 2 Terminal Control

A
  1. Used when FAC/JTAC is unable to acquire the target and/or the attacking aircraft.
  2. Attacking aircraft is unable to acquire the target or mark prior to weapons release.
  3. FAC/JTAC is in control of individual attacks.
  4. “Cleared Hot” for each attacking aircraft.
59
Q

What is Air Control

A

Authority to direct the physical maneuver of aircraft in flight or to direct an aircraft or surface-to-air weapon unit to engage a specific target

59
Q

What is Airspace Management

A

Coordination, integration and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions

60
Q

What is Airspace Control

A

Authority to direct the maneuver of aircraft so that the best use is made of assigned airspace

60
Q

What control of aircrafts and missiles

A

TPS-59 = Long Range Radar System

60
Q

What is TYPE 1 Terminal Control

A
  1. FAC/JTAC can see both the target and the attacking aircraft during terminal control.
  2. Attacking aircraft must visually acquire the target or mark.
  3. FAC/JTAC is in control of individual attacks.
  4. “Cleared HOT”for each attacking aircraft.
60
Q

What is TYPE 3 Terminal Control

A
  1. AO boundaries
  2. Target Precedence
  3. Time
  4. Geometry
  5. “Cleared to Engage”
    Pilot will respond back with “Commencing Engagement”
60
Q

What basic conditions must be employed to optimize CAS employment

A
  • Effective training and proficiency
  • Planning and integration
  • Command, control, and communications (C3).
  • Air superiority
  • Target marking and acquisition
  • Streamlined and flexible procedures
  • Appropriate ordnance
  • Favorable weather
60
Q

One nautical mile equals in KM

A

2KM

60
Q

9 Lines Brief =

I Hate Drinking Every Day Like My Friend Ed

A
  1. IP/BP
  2. Heading (OffSet)
  3. Distance
  4. Elevation*
  5. Description
  6. Location*
  7. Mark
  8. Friendlies
  9. Egress
60
Q

Line 3 = Distance

A
  1. Fixed wing
    - Straight line distance from IP to target in nautical miles to the nearest tenth
  2. Rotary wing
    - Straight line distance from center of BP to target in meters to the nearest 100 meters
60
Q

Line 4 = Elevation

A
  1. Communicated in Feet
  2. Most military charts have conversion intervals in Meters
    - Meters x 3.3 = Feet
  3. Needed for weapons accuracy
  4. At completion of 9 Line, Aircraft is required to read this line back.
60
Q

Line 9 = Egress

A

“Egress,” is used before delivering the egress instructions

60
Q

What is TOT

A
  1. Based on GPS time
    - Any Accessible GPS
  2. Used to coordinate/integrate fires
  3. Clock time (in minutes) bombs impact target
  4. Pilot will read back lines 4, 6, and restrictions