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astb > Aviation and Nautical Info > Flashcards

Aviation and Nautical Info Flashcards

1
Q

Gallon of oil equals how many lbs?

A

7.5 lbs

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2
Q

Gallon of water equals how many lbs?

A

8.35 lbs

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3
Q

Gallon of gas equals how many lbs?

A

6.0 lbs

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4
Q

RRRNEI

A

Red, right, returning, nun, even, increasing.

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5
Q

Waterline to deck is called:

A

Freeboard.

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6
Q

Fore-half of deck:

A

Forecastle.

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7
Q

Aft-half of deck:

A

Fantail.

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8
Q

Lights on port side:

A

Red.

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9
Q

Lights on starboard side:

A

Green.

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10
Q

Swept wings:

A

Reduced drag at high speeds.

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11
Q

Extended wings:

A

1) increased lift at low speeds; 2) decreased ground speed during landing.

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12
Q

Vertical axis:

A

Yawing.

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13
Q

Wet-bulb depression and fog:

A

When wet-bulb depression is less than 4 degrees, fog is likely.

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14
Q

Courseline

A

Line in which ship is heading.

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15
Q

Front of boat:

A

Bow.

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16
Q

Backside of boat:

A

Stern.

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17
Q

Nautical mile vs statute mile:

A

8 NM = 7 statute miles

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18
Q

Lubber’s line:

A

The bow line.

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19
Q

Longitudinal axis:

A

Banking.

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20
Q

In front of:

A

Fore.

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21
Q

Lateral axis:

A

Pitching.

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22
Q

Waterline to deck:

A

Freeboard.

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23
Q

Behind:

A

Aft.

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24
Q

When is a plane most likely to stall?

A

1) high angle of attack; 2) when banking hard.

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25
Q

Father of Navy

A

John Paul Jones.

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26
Q

Camber

A

Curvature at the top of airfoil.

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27
Q

Angle of attack

A

The angle formed by the chord line and the oncoming air.

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28
Q

Dead reckoning

A

Navigation only by compass.

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29
Q

Aspect ratio

A

Ratio of wingspan vs. average wing width

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30
Q

Aspect ratio formula

A

Aspect ratio = (wingspan)2 / surface area = b² / s

b = wing span

s = surface area of wing

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31
Q

High aspect ratio

A

Long & skinny wings

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32
Q

Low aspect ratio

A

Shot & stubby wings

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33
Q

Wingload

A

Ratio of wing surface area vs. aircraft weight

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34
Q

Trim tabs

A

Small control surfaces on larger control surfaces. They permit the pilot to balance control forces in steady flight, thereby relieving pressure on aircraft control and on the pilot.

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35
Q

Compass deviation

A

The error of a magnetic compass due to local magnetism.

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36
Q

Variation (in navigation)

A

The difference between true bearing and magnetic bearing.

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37
Q

RIO

A

Radar Intercept Officer.

E.g. Goose in Top Gun.

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38
Q

Perigree

A

When the moon or a satellite is closest to Earth.

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39
Q

Apogee

A

When the moon or a satellite is farthest from Earth.

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40
Q

N at the end of _____, _____, and ____ means nuclear powered.

A

N at the end of CV, SS, and CG means nuclear powered.

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41
Q

CG

A

Guided missile cruiser.

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42
Q

CA

A

Gun cruiser.

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43
Q

CV

A

Aircraft carrier.

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44
Q

L

A

Amphibious/landing craft carriers.

E.g. USS Ogden.

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45
Q

BB

A

Battleship.

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46
Q

S

A

Submarine.

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47
Q

A

A

Combat logistics.

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48
Q

M

A

Mine warfare.

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49
Q

First conflict to see wide use of helos?

A

Korean War (1950-1953).

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50
Q

Yawl

A

Double-mast sailing vessel where the mizzen (rear-mast) is aft (behind) of the rudder.

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51
Q

Sloop

A

A single-mast sailing vessel.

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52
Q

Spring tide

A

–At, or soon after, new/full moons. –High tides are very high, low tides are very low.

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53
Q

Neap tide

A

–Between spring tides, i.e. between new/full moons. –Smaller variance between low and high tides.

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54
Q

Ebb tide

A

When the tide falls after high tide.

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55
Q

Chronology of the first three US space programs

A

(1) Mercury, then
(2) Gemini, then
(3) Apollo.

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56
Q

First American in space

A

Alan Shepard

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57
Q

John Glenn, branch and birthday

A

USMC

1921 - present

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58
Q

John Glenn, number of combat missions and wars partaken in

A

149

WWII and Korean War

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59
Q

John Glenn, number of Distinguished Flying Crosses

A

5 Distinguished Flying Crosses

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60
Q

John Glenn was the first to ____________ and __________

A

–1st American to orbit Earth

–1st for fly supersonic across the US

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61
Q

In which capsule did John Glenn orbit Earth?

A

Capsule = Friendship 7

Project = Mercury

Launch vehicle: Atlas (LV-3B)

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62
Q

First man in Space, and year

A

Yuri Gagarin

1961

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63
Q

Apollo 11, date and crew

A

1969

Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin Jr. Michael Collins

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64
Q

First American spacecraft to explore the outer solar system

A

Pioneer 10

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65
Q

First American to walk in space?

A

Ed White

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66
Q

Why dump fuel during emergency landing?

A

To reduce landing weight, thereby increasing maneuverability

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67
Q

A warm front causes

A

A steady, prolonged period of rain

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68
Q

Company-grade officers

A

Ensigns, LTs and CPTs

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69
Q

Flag officers

A

Commodores and admirals

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70
Q

USS Bonhomme Richard

A

–Loaned by French businessman to J.P. Jones in 1765

–Used by J.P. Jones to score first win for Continental Navy over British Navy.

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71
Q

Latitude measured from:

A

Equator.

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72
Q

Longitude measured from:

A

Prime Meridian, i.e. GMT and UTC and 0° (due north)

73
Q

Time zones are divided by how many degrees of longitude?

A

15° (24 times zones) x (15°) = 360°

74
Q

Transponder setting for hijacking

A

7500

75
Q

Transponder setting for loss of communication

A

7600

76
Q

Transponder setting for emergency

A

7700

77
Q

Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor

A

7777

78
Q

7500

A

Transponder setting for hijacking

79
Q

7600

A

Transponder setting for loss of communication

80
Q

7700

A

Transponder setting for emergency

81
Q

7777

A

Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor

82
Q

Hypoxia

A

–Too little oxygen in blood –Result: blackout

83
Q

MSL

A

Mean Sea Level, i.e. the average height of the ocean’s surface

84
Q

AGL

A

Above Ground Level

85
Q

Class B airspace

A

Class B airspace extends from the surface to generally 10,000 feet (3,000 m) feet MSL. Around major airports.

86
Q

Class C airspace

A

Class C airspace is used around airports with a moderate traffic level.

87
Q

Class D airspace

A

Class D is used for smaller airports that have a control tower.

88
Q

Class E airspace

A

Airspace at any altitude over 60,000 ft MSL

89
Q

Class G airspace

A

–Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground

–Usually surface to 1,200 ft AGL

90
Q

For any helicopter, the higher the altitude, the _______ the rate of climb.

A

For any helicopter, the higher the density altitude, the lower the rate of climb.

91
Q

How does lift vary with the density of air?

A

As air density increases, lift and drag increase.

92
Q

Beaufort scale

A

Estimates wind speed.

93
Q

Fathometer

A

Electronic device used in making deep-sea soundings.

94
Q

Sextant

A

Used in celestial navigation to measure angles.

95
Q

1 meter, in feet

A

1 meter = 3.28084 feet

96
Q

1 mile, in kilometers

A

1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers

97
Q

Capstan

A

Used for hoisting weight by spooling a cable. E.g. bucket over a well.

98
Q

4 methods of determining position

A

1) Piloting 2) Dead reckoning 3) Celestial navigation 4) Electronic navigation

99
Q

Pier

A

Right angle to shore.

100
Q

Wharf

A

Parallel to shore.

101
Q

Slip

A

Space between piers.

102
Q

Parasitic drag

A

Caused by the aircraft’s changes in movement

103
Q

Form drag

A

–Caused by the shape of the object. –Sleek, streamlined objects have lower form drag.

104
Q

Interference drag

A

Results when airflow around one part of an object (e.g. fuselage) must occupy the same space as the airflow around another part (e.g wing).

105
Q

Skin friction

A

Caused by the texture of an airplane’s surface.

106
Q

Induced drag

A

Results from the need to maintain lift “Drag due to lift.”

107
Q

Ground effect drag

A

Occurs close to the ground, when the ground restricts the downward deflection of the airstream. Decreased induced drag and lift.

108
Q

Total drag

A

Total drag = (parasitic drag) + (induced drag)

109
Q

Continental Navy founded:

A

13 Oct 1775

110
Q

US Navy founded in

A

1798

111
Q

Ader Eole

A

–The first true aeroplane. –Looked like a bat. –Steam-powered –Developed by Clement Ader (FRA) in 1890

112
Q

LZ-1

A

–1st zeppelin –2 July 1900 was first flight –Up for 18 minutes

113
Q

LZ-127

A

–First zeppelin to circumnavigate the globe.

–1929

114
Q

Wright Flyer

A

–1st successful powered and piloted plane –17 Dec 1903 –12 seconds –120 ft

115
Q

FW-61

A

–First rotorcraft –1936 –Max speed: 66 knots –Range: 124 nautical miles

116
Q

Knots into MPH

A

1 knot = 1.15 MPH

117
Q

First non-stop trans-Atlantic flight

A

–Plane: Vickers Vimmy IV –14 June 1919 –Pilots: Alcock & Brown

118
Q

First solo trans-Atlantic flight

A

–Charles Lindbergh Jr. –20-21 May 1927

119
Q

First jet in combat ops

A

Messerschmit ME-262

120
Q

First man to break sound barrier, the year, and the airplane:

A

–Chuck Yeager –1947 –Bell X-1 rocketplane

121
Q

First take-off from ship

A

–Eugene Ely –1910 –USS Birmingham

122
Q

First landing on ship

A

–Eugene Ely –1911 –USS Pennsylvania

123
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

7 Dec 1941

124
Q

D-Day

A

6 June 1944

125
Q

Hiroshima

A

6 Aug 1945

126
Q

Nagasaki

A

9 Aug 1945

127
Q

Cambered airfoil at a zero angle of attack

A

Can still generate lift.

128
Q

The trailing edge

A

The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at the rear of the airfoil.

129
Q

The leading edge

A

The leading edge is the point at the front of the airfoil that has maximum curvature.

130
Q

The chord line

A

The chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges.

131
Q

The chord length

A

The chord length, or simply chord, c, is the length of the chord line.

132
Q

The suction surface

A

The suction surface (a.k.a. upper surface) is generally associated with higher velocity and lower static pressure.

133
Q

The pressure surface

A

The pressure surface (a.k.a. lower surface) has a comparatively higher static pressure than the suction surface.

134
Q

MSL pressure:

A

29.92 inHg

135
Q

inHG means

A

Inches of mercury

136
Q

MSL temp

A

–15° C

–59° F

–288.15 K

137
Q

Why does a plane need more runway to take off at high altitude?

A

1) Engine output is reduced because there is less oxygen in combustions 2) air is thinner, causing less force on airfoils (propeller & wings)

138
Q

If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read ________ than true altitude.

A

If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read HIGHER than true altitude.

139
Q

True altitude

A

Actual altitude above MSL

140
Q

Absolute altitude

A

Actual altitude AGL

141
Q

At high altitude, actual air speed is ________ than indicated airspeed.

A

At high altitude, actual air speed is faster than indicated airspeed.

142
Q

Best lift:

A

1) At low altitude
2) In dry air
3) In cold air

143
Q

Airfoil and lift

A
144
Q

Parts of an airfoil

A
145
Q

Fuselage and canard?

A

B and A

146
Q

Flaps and ailerons?

A

F and E

147
Q

Winglets

A

J

148
Q

Vertical stabilizer?

A

G

149
Q

Ailerons?

A

E

150
Q

Flaps

A

F

151
Q

Canard

A

A

152
Q

Horizontal stabilizer

A

I

153
Q

Elevator

A

H

154
Q

Rudder?

A

K

155
Q

Trim tab

A

L

156
Q

Which of the control surfaces below is the primary surface for turning an airplane?

A

E, the ailerons

157
Q

Which of the below control surfaces in the primary control for altitude?

A

H, the elevator

158
Q

The primary purpose of control surface J is to:

A

decrease drag

159
Q

The wings of this airplane are angled upward. What is this called and what’s its purpose?

A

Dihedral.

To improve stability.

160
Q

Bow

A

A

161
Q

Gunwale

A

G

162
Q

Thwart

A

H

163
Q

Transom

A

F

164
Q

Stem

A

E

165
Q

Nickname for A-6?

A

Intruder.

166
Q

If a plane is in straight and level accelerated flight, its propulsion is _________ than drag.

A

greater

167
Q

Nickname for the EA-6B?

A

Prowler

168
Q

If wing area is doubled…

A

lift and drag are doubled

169
Q

Humid air is _____ than dry air

A

lighter

170
Q

Total number of Apollo missions

A

17

171
Q

Aileron roll

A
172
Q

Sustained turn

A
173
Q

Loop

A
174
Q

Barrel roll

A
175
Q

Immelman

A
176
Q

Split S

A
177
Q

High yo-yo

A
178
Q

Low yo-yo

A
179
Q

How many feet in a nautical mile?

A

6076ft

astb (3 decks)

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