Aviation and Nautical Info Flashcards
Gallon of oil equals how many lbs?
7.5 lbs
Gallon of water equals how many lbs?
8.35 lbs
Gallon of gas equals how many lbs?
6.0 lbs
RRRNEI
Red, right, returning, nun, even, increasing.
Waterline to deck is called:
Freeboard.
Fore-half of deck:
Forecastle.
Aft-half of deck:
Fantail.
Lights on port side:
Red.
Lights on starboard side:
Green.
Swept wings:
Reduced drag at high speeds.
Extended wings:
1) increased lift at low speeds; 2) decreased ground speed during landing.
Vertical axis:
Yawing.
Wet-bulb depression and fog:
When wet-bulb depression is less than 4 degrees, fog is likely.
Courseline
Line in which ship is heading.
Front of boat:
Bow.
Backside of boat:
Stern.
Nautical mile vs statute mile:
8 NM = 7 statute miles
Lubber’s line:
The bow line.
Longitudinal axis:
Banking.
In front of:
Fore.
Lateral axis:
Pitching.
Waterline to deck:
Freeboard.
Behind:
Aft.
When is a plane most likely to stall?
1) high angle of attack; 2) when banking hard.
Father of Navy
John Paul Jones.
Camber
Curvature at the top of airfoil.
Angle of attack
The angle formed by the chord line and the oncoming air.
Dead reckoning
Navigation only by compass.
Aspect ratio
Ratio of wingspan vs. average wing width
Aspect ratio formula
Aspect ratio = (wingspan)2 / surface area = b² / s
b = wing span
s = surface area of wing
High aspect ratio
Long & skinny wings
Low aspect ratio
Shot & stubby wings
Wingload
Ratio of wing surface area vs. aircraft weight
Trim tabs
Small control surfaces on larger control surfaces. They permit the pilot to balance control forces in steady flight, thereby relieving pressure on aircraft control and on the pilot.
Compass deviation
The error of a magnetic compass due to local magnetism.
Variation (in navigation)
The difference between true bearing and magnetic bearing.
RIO
Radar Intercept Officer.
E.g. Goose in Top Gun.
Perigree
When the moon or a satellite is closest to Earth.
Apogee
When the moon or a satellite is farthest from Earth.
N at the end of _____, _____, and ____ means nuclear powered.
N at the end of CV, SS, and CG means nuclear powered.
CG
Guided missile cruiser.
CA
Gun cruiser.
CV
Aircraft carrier.
L
Amphibious/landing craft carriers.
E.g. USS Ogden.
BB
Battleship.
S
Submarine.
A
Combat logistics.
M
Mine warfare.
First conflict to see wide use of helos?
Korean War (1950-1953).
Yawl
Double-mast sailing vessel where the mizzen (rear-mast) is aft (behind) of the rudder.
Sloop
A single-mast sailing vessel.
Spring tide
–At, or soon after, new/full moons. –High tides are very high, low tides are very low.
Neap tide
–Between spring tides, i.e. between new/full moons. –Smaller variance between low and high tides.
Ebb tide
When the tide falls after high tide.
Chronology of the first three US space programs
(1) Mercury, then
(2) Gemini, then
(3) Apollo.
First American in space
Alan Shepard
John Glenn, branch and birthday
USMC
1921 - present
John Glenn, number of combat missions and wars partaken in
149
WWII and Korean War
John Glenn, number of Distinguished Flying Crosses
5 Distinguished Flying Crosses
John Glenn was the first to ____________ and __________
–1st American to orbit Earth
–1st for fly supersonic across the US
In which capsule did John Glenn orbit Earth?
Capsule = Friendship 7
Project = Mercury
Launch vehicle: Atlas (LV-3B)
First man in Space, and year
Yuri Gagarin
1961
Apollo 11, date and crew
1969
Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin Jr. Michael Collins
First American spacecraft to explore the outer solar system
Pioneer 10
First American to walk in space?
Ed White
Why dump fuel during emergency landing?
To reduce landing weight, thereby increasing maneuverability
A warm front causes
A steady, prolonged period of rain
Company-grade officers
Ensigns, LTs and CPTs
Flag officers
Commodores and admirals
USS Bonhomme Richard
–Loaned by French businessman to J.P. Jones in 1765
–Used by J.P. Jones to score first win for Continental Navy over British Navy.
Latitude measured from:
Equator.
Longitude measured from:
Prime Meridian, i.e. GMT and UTC and 0° (due north)
Time zones are divided by how many degrees of longitude?
15° (24 times zones) x (15°) = 360°
Transponder setting for hijacking
7500
Transponder setting for loss of communication
7600
Transponder setting for emergency
7700
Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor
7777
7500
Transponder setting for hijacking
7600
Transponder setting for loss of communication
7700
Transponder setting for emergency
7777
Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor
Hypoxia
–Too little oxygen in blood –Result: blackout
MSL
Mean Sea Level, i.e. the average height of the ocean’s surface
AGL
Above Ground Level
Class B airspace
Class B airspace extends from the surface to generally 10,000 feet (3,000 m) feet MSL. Around major airports.
Class C airspace
Class C airspace is used around airports with a moderate traffic level.
Class D airspace
Class D is used for smaller airports that have a control tower.
Class E airspace
Airspace at any altitude over 60,000 ft MSL
Class G airspace
–Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground
–Usually surface to 1,200 ft AGL
For any helicopter, the higher the altitude, the _______ the rate of climb.
For any helicopter, the higher the density altitude, the lower the rate of climb.
How does lift vary with the density of air?
As air density increases, lift and drag increase.
Beaufort scale
Estimates wind speed.
Fathometer
Electronic device used in making deep-sea soundings.
Sextant
Used in celestial navigation to measure angles.
1 meter, in feet
1 meter = 3.28084 feet
1 mile, in kilometers
1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers
Capstan
Used for hoisting weight by spooling a cable. E.g. bucket over a well.
4 methods of determining position
1) Piloting 2) Dead reckoning 3) Celestial navigation 4) Electronic navigation
Pier
Right angle to shore.
Wharf
Parallel to shore.
Slip
Space between piers.
Parasitic drag
Caused by the aircraft’s changes in movement
Form drag
–Caused by the shape of the object. –Sleek, streamlined objects have lower form drag.
Interference drag
Results when airflow around one part of an object (e.g. fuselage) must occupy the same space as the airflow around another part (e.g wing).
Skin friction
Caused by the texture of an airplane’s surface.
Induced drag
Results from the need to maintain lift “Drag due to lift.”
Ground effect drag
Occurs close to the ground, when the ground restricts the downward deflection of the airstream. Decreased induced drag and lift.
Total drag
Total drag = (parasitic drag) + (induced drag)
Continental Navy founded:
13 Oct 1775
US Navy founded in
1798
Ader Eole
–The first true aeroplane. –Looked like a bat. –Steam-powered –Developed by Clement Ader (FRA) in 1890
LZ-1
–1st zeppelin –2 July 1900 was first flight –Up for 18 minutes
LZ-127
–First zeppelin to circumnavigate the globe.
–1929
Wright Flyer
–1st successful powered and piloted plane –17 Dec 1903 –12 seconds –120 ft
FW-61
–First rotorcraft –1936 –Max speed: 66 knots –Range: 124 nautical miles
Knots into MPH
1 knot = 1.15 MPH
First non-stop trans-Atlantic flight
–Plane: Vickers Vimmy IV –14 June 1919 –Pilots: Alcock & Brown
First solo trans-Atlantic flight
–Charles Lindbergh Jr. –20-21 May 1927
First jet in combat ops
Messerschmit ME-262
First man to break sound barrier, the year, and the airplane:
–Chuck Yeager –1947 –Bell X-1 rocketplane
First take-off from ship
–Eugene Ely –1910 –USS Birmingham
First landing on ship
–Eugene Ely –1911 –USS Pennsylvania
Pearl Harbor
7 Dec 1941
D-Day
6 June 1944
Hiroshima
6 Aug 1945
Nagasaki
9 Aug 1945
Cambered airfoil at a zero angle of attack
Can still generate lift.
The trailing edge
The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at the rear of the airfoil.
The leading edge
The leading edge is the point at the front of the airfoil that has maximum curvature.
The chord line
The chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges.
The chord length
The chord length, or simply chord, c, is the length of the chord line.
The suction surface
The suction surface (a.k.a. upper surface) is generally associated with higher velocity and lower static pressure.
The pressure surface
The pressure surface (a.k.a. lower surface) has a comparatively higher static pressure than the suction surface.
MSL pressure:
29.92 inHg
inHG means
Inches of mercury
MSL temp
–15° C
–59° F
–288.15 K
Why does a plane need more runway to take off at high altitude?
1) Engine output is reduced because there is less oxygen in combustions 2) air is thinner, causing less force on airfoils (propeller & wings)
If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read ________ than true altitude.
If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read HIGHER than true altitude.
True altitude
Actual altitude above MSL
Absolute altitude
Actual altitude AGL
At high altitude, actual air speed is ________ than indicated airspeed.
At high altitude, actual air speed is faster than indicated airspeed.
Best lift:
1) At low altitude
2) In dry air
3) In cold air
Airfoil and lift
Parts of an airfoil
Fuselage and canard?
B and A
Flaps and ailerons?
F and E
Winglets
J
Vertical stabilizer?
G
Ailerons?
E
Flaps
F
Canard
A
Horizontal stabilizer
I
Elevator
H
Rudder?
K
Trim tab
L
Which of the control surfaces below is the primary surface for turning an airplane?
E, the ailerons
Which of the below control surfaces in the primary control for altitude?
H, the elevator
The primary purpose of control surface J is to:
decrease drag
The wings of this airplane are angled upward. What is this called and what’s its purpose?
Dihedral.
To improve stability.
Bow
A
Gunwale
G
Thwart
H
Transom
F
Stem
E
Nickname for A-6?
Intruder.
If a plane is in straight and level accelerated flight, its propulsion is _________ than drag.
greater
Nickname for the EA-6B?
Prowler
If wing area is doubled…
lift and drag are doubled
Humid air is _____ than dry air
lighter
Total number of Apollo missions
17
Aileron roll
Sustained turn
Loop
Barrel roll
Immelman
Split S
High yo-yo
Low yo-yo
How many feet in a nautical mile?
6076ft
