astb Flashcards
<p>Gallon of oil equals how many lbs?</p>
<p>7.5 lbs</p>
<p>Gallon of water equals how many lbs?</p>
<p>8.35 lbs</p>
<p>Gallon of gas equals how many lbs?</p>
<p>6.0 lbs</p>
<p>RRRNEI</p>
<p>Red, right, returning, nun, even, increasing. </p>
<p>Waterline to deck is called:</p>
<p>Freeboard. </p>
<p>Fore-half of deck:</p>
<p>Forecastle. </p>
<p>Aft-half of deck:</p>
<p>Fantail. </p>
<p>Lights on port side:</p>
<p>Red. </p>
<p>Lights on starboard side:</p>
<p>Green. </p>
<p>Swept wings:</p>
<p>Reduced drag at high speeds. </p>
<p>Extended wings:</p>
<p>1) increased lift at low speeds;
| 2) decreased ground speed during landing. </p>
<p>Vertical axis:</p>
<p>Yawing. </p>
<p>Wet-bulb depression and fog:</p>
<p>When wet-bulb depression is less than 4 degrees, fog is likely. </p>
<p>Courseline</p>
<p>Line in which ship is heading. </p>
<p>Front of boat:</p>
<p>Bow. </p>
<p>Backside of boat:</p>
<p>Stern. </p>
<p>Nautical mile vs statute mile:</p>
<p>8 NM = 7 statute miles</p>
<p>Lubber's line:</p>
<p>The bow line. </p>
<p>Longitudinal axis:
| </p>
<p>Banking. </p>
<p>In front of:</p>
<p>Fore. </p>
<p>Lateral axis:</p>
<p>Pitching. </p>
<p>Waterline to deck:</p>
<p>Freeboard. </p>
<p>Behind:</p>
<p>Aft. </p>
<p>When is a plane most likely to stall?</p>
<p>1) high angle of attack;
| 2) when banking hard. </p>
<p>Father of Navy</p>
<p>John Paul Jones. </p>
<p>Camber</p>
<p>Curvature at the top of airfoil. </p>
<p>Angle of attack</p>
<p>The angle formed by the chord line and the oncoming air.</p>
<p>Dead reckoning</p>
<p>Navigation only by compass. </p>
<p>Aspect ratio</p>
<p>Ratio of <strong>wingspan</strong> vs.<strong>average wing width</strong></p>
<p>Aspect ratio formula</p>
<p>Aspect ratio = <strong>(wingspan)2</strong> / <strong>surface area</strong> =<strong>b² / s</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>b</strong> = wing span</p>
<p></p>
<p><strong>s</strong> = surface area of wing</p>
<p>High aspect ratio</p>
<p>Long & skinny wings</p>
<p>Low aspect ratio</p>
<p>Shot & stubby wings</p>
<p>Wingload</p>
<p>Ratio of <strong>wing surface area</strong> vs.<strong>aircraft weight</strong></p>
<p>Trim tabs</p>
<p>Small control surfaces on larger control surfaces.
They permit the pilot to balance control forces in steady flight, thereby relieving pressure on aircraft control and on the pilot.</p>
<p>Compass deviation</p>
<p>The error of a magnetic compass due to <strong>local magnetism</strong>.</p>
<p>Variation (in navigation)</p>
<p>The difference between <strong>true bearing</strong> and <strong>magnetic bearing</strong>.</p>
<p>RIO</p>
<p>Radar Intercept Officer.</p>
<p></p>
<p>E.g. Goose in Top Gun.</p>
<p>Perigree</p>
<p>When the moon or a satellite is closest to Earth.</p>
<p>Apogee</p>
<p>When the moon or a satellite is farthest from Earth.</p>
<p>N at the end of \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_ means nuclear powered.</p>
<p>N at the end of <strong>CV</strong>, <strong>SS</strong>, and <strong>CG </strong>means nuclear powered.</p>
<p>CG</p>
<p>Guided missile cruiser.</p>
<p>CA</p>
<p>Gun cruiser.</p>
<p>CV</p>
<p>Aircraft carrier.</p>
<p>L</p>
<p>Amphibious/landing craft carriers.</p>
<p></p>
<p>E.g. USS Ogden.</p>
<p>BB</p>
<p>Battleship.</p>
<p>S</p>
<p>Submarine.</p>
<p>A</p>
<p>Combat logistics.</p>
<p>M</p>
<p>Mine warfare.</p>
<p>First conflict to see wide use of helos?</p>
<p>Korean War (1950-1953).</p>
<p>Yawl</p>
<p>Double-mast sailing vessel where the mizzen (rear-mast) is aft (behind) of the rudder.</p>
<p>Sloop</p>
<p>A single-mast sailing vessel.</p>
<p>Spring tide</p>
<p>--At, or soon after, new/full moons.
--High tides are very high, low tides are very low.</p>
<p>Neap tide</p>
<p>--Between spring tides, i.e. between new/full moons.
--Smaller variance between low and high tides.</p>
<p>Ebb tide</p>
<p>When the tide falls after high tide.</p>
<p>Chronology of the first three US space programs</p>
<p>(1) <strong>Mercury</strong>, then</p>
<p></p>
<p>(2) <strong>Gemini</strong>, then</p>
<p></p>
<p>(3) <strong>Apollo</strong>.</p>
<p>First American in space</p>
<p>Alan Shepard</p>
<p>John Glenn, branch and birthday</p>
<p>USMC</p>
<p></p>
<p>1921 - present</p>
<p>John Glenn, number of combat missions and wars partaken in</p>
<p>149</p>
<p></p>
<p>WWII and Korean War</p>
<p>John Glenn, number of Distinguished Flying Crosses</p>
<p>5 Distinguished Flying Crosses</p>
<p>John Glenn was the first to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_</p>
<p>--1st American to orbit Earth</p>
<p></p>
<p>--1st for fly supersonic across the US</p>
<p>In which capsule did John Glenn orbit Earth?</p>
<p>Capsule =<strong> Friendship 7</strong></p>
<p></p>
<p>Project = <strong>Mercury </strong></p>
<p></p>
<p>Launch vehicle: <strong>Atlas (LV-3B)</strong></p>
<p>First man in Space, and year</p>
<p>Yuri Gagarin</p>
<p></p>
<p>1961</p>
<p>Apollo 11, date and crew</p>
<p>1969</p>
<p></p>
<p>Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin Jr. Michael Collins</p>
<p>First American spacecraft to explore the outer solar system</p>
<p>Pioneer 10</p>
<p>First American to walk in space?</p>
<p>Ed White</p>
<p>Why dump fuel during emergency landing?</p>
<p>To reduce landing weight, thereby increasing maneuverability</p>
<p>A warm front causes</p>
<p>A steady, prolonged period of rain</p>
<p>Company-grade officers</p>
<p>Ensigns, LTs and CPTs</p>
<p>Flag officers</p>
<p>Commodores and admirals</p>
<p>USS Bonhomme Richard</p>
<p>--Loaned by French businessman to J.P. Jones in 1765</p>
<p></p>
<p>--Used by J.P. Jones to score first win for Continental Navy over British Navy.</p>
<p>Latitude measured from:</p>
<p>Equator.</p>
<p>Longitude measured from:</p>
<p>Prime Meridian, i.e. GMT and UTC and 0° (due north)</p>
<p>Time zones are divided by how many degrees of longitude?</p>
<p>15°
(24 times zones) x (15°) = 360°</p>
<p>Transponder setting for hijacking</p>
<p>7500</p>
<p>Transponder setting for loss of communication</p>
<p>7600</p>
<p>Transponder setting for emergency</p>
<p>7700</p>
<p>Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor</p>
<p>7777</p>
<p>7500</p>
<p>Transponder setting for hijacking</p>
<p>7600</p>
<p>Transponder setting for loss of communication</p>
<p>7700</p>
<p>Transponder setting for emergency</p>
<p>7777</p>
<p>Transponder setting for military flight or interceptor</p>
<p>Hypoxia</p>
<p>--Too little oxygen in blood
--Result: blackout</p>
<p>MSL</p>
<p>Mean Sea Level, i.e. the average height of the ocean's surface</p>
<p>AGL</p>
<p>Above Ground Level</p>
<p>Class B airspace</p>
<p>Class B airspace extends from the surface to generally 10,000 feet (3,000 m) feet MSL.
Around major airports.</p>
<p>Class C airspace</p>
<p>Class C airspace is used around airports with a moderate traffic level.</p>
<p>Class D airspace</p>
<p>Class D is used for smaller airports that have a control tower.</p>
<p>Class E airspace</p>
<p>Airspace at any altitude over 60,000 ft MSL</p>
<p>Class G airspace</p>
<p>--Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground</p>
<p></p>
<p>--Usually surface to 1,200 ft AGL</p>
<p>For any helicopter, the higher the altitude, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the rate of climb.</p>
<p>For any helicopter, the higher the density altitude, the <strong>lower </strong>the rate of climb.</p>
<p>How does lift vary with the density of air?</p>
<p>As air density increases, lift and drag increase.</p>
<p>Beaufort scale</p>
<p>Estimates wind speed.</p>
<p>Fathometer</p>
<p>Electronic device used in making deep-sea soundings.</p>
<p>Sextant</p>
<p>Used in celestial navigation to measure angles.</p>
<p>1 meter, in feet</p>
<p>1 meter = 3.28084 feet</p>
<p>1 mile, in kilometers</p>
<p>1 mile = 1.60934 kilometers</p>
<p>Capstan</p>
<p>Used for hoisting weight by spooling a cable.
E.g. bucket over a well.</p>
<p>4 methods of determining position</p>
<p>1) Piloting
2) Dead reckoning
3) Celestial navigation
4) Electronic navigation</p>
<p>Pier</p>
<p>Right angle to shore.</p>
<p>Wharf</p>
<p>Parallel to shore.</p>
<p>Slip</p>
<p>Space between piers.</p>
<p>Parasitic drag</p>
<p>Caused by the aircraft's changes in movement</p>
<p>Form drag</p>
<p>--Caused by the shape of the object.
--Sleek, streamlined objects have lower form drag.</p>
<p>Interference drag</p>
<p>Results when airflow around one part of an object (e.g. fuselage) must occupy the same space as the airflow around another part (e.g wing).</p>
<p>Skin friction</p>
<p>Caused by the texture of an airplane's surface.</p>
<p>Induced drag</p>
<p>Results from the need to maintain lift
"Drag due to lift."</p>
<p>Ground effect drag</p>
<p>Occurs close to the ground, when the ground restricts the downward deflection of the airstream.
Decreased induced drag and lift.</p>
<p>Total drag</p>
<p>Total drag = (parasitic drag) + (induced drag)</p>
<p>Continental Navy founded:</p>
<p>13 Oct 1775</p>
<p>US Navy founded in</p>
<p>1798</p>
<p>Ader Eole</p>
<p>--The first true aeroplane.
--Looked like a bat.
--Steam-powered
--Developed by Clement Ader (FRA) in 1890</p>
<p>LZ-1</p>
<p>--1st zeppelin
--2 July 1900 was first flight
--Up for 18 minutes</p>
<p>LZ-127</p>
<p>--First zeppelin to circumnavigate the globe.</p>
<p></p>
<p>--1929</p>
<p>Wright Flyer</p>
<p>--1st successful powered and piloted plane
--17 Dec 1903
--12 seconds
--120 ft</p>
<p>FW-61</p>
<p>--First rotorcraft
--1936
--Max speed: 66 knots
--Range: 124 nautical miles</p>
<p>Knots into MPH</p>
<p>1 knot = 1.15 MPH</p>
<p>First non-stop trans-Atlantic flight</p>
<p>--Plane: Vickers Vimmy IV
--14 June 1919
--Pilots: Alcock & Brown</p>
<p>First solo trans-Atlantic flight</p>
<p>--Charles Lindbergh Jr.
--20-21 May 1927</p>
<p>First jet in combat ops</p>
<p>Messerschmit ME-262</p>
<p>First man to break sound barrier, the year, and the airplane:</p>
<p>--Chuck Yeager
--1947
--Bell X-1 rocketplane</p>
<p>First take-off from ship</p>
<p>--Eugene Ely
--1910
--USS Birmingham</p>
<p>First landing on ship</p>
<p>--Eugene Ely
--1911
--USS Pennsylvania</p>
<p>Pearl Harbor</p>
<p>7 Dec 1941</p>
<p>D-Day</p>
<p>6 June 1944</p>
<p>Hiroshima</p>
<p>6 Aug 1945</p>
<p>Nagasaki</p>
<p>9 Aug 1945</p>
<p>Cambered airfoil at a zero angle of attack</p>
<p>Can still generate lift.</p>
<p>The trailing edge</p>
<p>The trailing edge is defined similarly as the point of maximum curvature at the rear of the airfoil.</p>
<p>The leading edge</p>
<p>The leading edge is the point at the front of the airfoil that has maximum curvature.</p>
<p>The chord line</p>
<p>The chord line is the straight line connecting leading and trailing edges.</p>
<p>The chord length</p>
<p>The chord length, or simply chord, c, is the length of the chord line.</p>
<p>The suction surface</p>
<p>The suction surface (a.k.a. upper surface) is generally associated with higher velocity and lower static pressure.</p>
<p>The pressure surface</p>
<p>The pressure surface (a.k.a. lower surface) has a comparatively higher static pressure than the suction surface. </p>
<p>MSL pressure:</p>
<p>29.92 inHg</p>
<p>inHG means</p>
<p>Inches of mercury</p>
<p>MSL temp</p>
<p>--15° C</p>
<p></p>
<p>--59° F</p>
<p></p>
<p>--288.15 K</p>
<p>Why does a plane need more runway to take off at high altitude?</p>
<p>1) Engine output is reduced because there is less oxygen in combustions 2) air is thinner, causing less force on airfoils (propeller & wings)</p>
<p>If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than true altitude.</p>
<p>If you fly from high pressure to low pressure w/o resetting the altimeter, indicated air pressure will read HIGHER than true altitude.</p>
<p>True altitude</p>
<p>Actual altitude above MSL</p>
<p>Absolute altitude</p>
<p>Actual altitude AGL</p>
<p>At high altitude, actual air speed is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than indicated airspeed.</p>
<p>At high altitude, actual air speed is <strong>faster</strong> than indicated airspeed.</p>
<p>Best lift:</p>
<p>1) At <strong>low </strong>altitude</p>
<p>2) In <strong>dry </strong>air</p>
<p>3) In <strong>cold </strong>air</p>
<p>Airfoil and lift</p>

<p>Parts of an airfoil</p>

<p>Fuselage and canard?</p>
<p>B and A</p>
<p>Flaps and ailerons?</p>
<p>F and E</p>
<p>Winglets</p>
<p>J</p>
<p>Vertical stabilizer?</p>
<p>G</p>
<p>Ailerons?</p>
<p>E</p>
<p>Flaps</p>
<p>F</p>
<p>Canard</p>
<p>A</p>
<p>Horizontal stabilizer</p>
<p>I</p>
<p>Elevator</p>
<p>H</p>
<p>Rudder?</p>
<p>K</p>
<p>Trim tab</p>
<p>L</p>
<p>Which of the control surfaces below is the primary surface for turning an airplane?</p>
<p>E, the ailerons</p>
<p>Which of the below control surfaces in the primary control for altitude?</p>
<p>H, the elevator</p>
<p>The primary purpose of control surface J is to:</p>
<p>decrease drag</p>
<p>The wings of this airplane are angled upward. What is this called and what's its purpose?</p>
<p>Dihedral.</p>
<p></p>
<p>To improve stability.</p>
<p>Bow</p>
<p>A</p>
<p>Gunwale</p>
<p>G</p>
<p>Thwart</p>
<p>H</p>
<p>Transom</p>
<p>F</p>
<p>Stem</p>
<p>E</p>
<p>Nickname for A-6?</p>
<p>Intruder.</p>
<p>If a plane is in straight and level accelerated flight, its propulsion is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than drag.</p>
<p><strong>greater</strong></p>
<p>Nickname for theEA-6B?</p>
<p>Prowler</p>
<p>If wing area is doubled...</p>
<p>lift and drag are doubled</p>
<p>Humid air is \_\_\_\_\_ than dry air</p>
<p>lighter</p>
<p>Total number of Apollo missions</p>
<p>17</p>
<p>Aileron roll</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Sustained turn</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Loop</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Barrel roll</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Immelman</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Split S</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>High yo-yo</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>Low yo-yo</p>
<p><img></img></p>
<p>How many feet in a nautical mile?</p>
<p>6076ft</p>